This study refutes the diagnosis of previous studies that the proportion of women in the 20th Central Committee increased slightly compared to the previous session, halting the trend of strengthening male centrality in Chinese elite politics. In this study, through a qualitative approach to the central and local female political elites during Xi Jinping's 3rd term, focusing on the Central Committee, Politburo, and provincial party secretaries, we revealed that female political elites failed to enter Politburo, that the political level of the female members in 20th Central Committee has been lowered overall, and that there is not a single female elite appointed as provincial party secretary. Based on this, this study argues that despite a slight increase in the proportion of women in the 20th Central Committee, women's representation in elite politics during the 3rd term of Xi Jinping's administration was weakened not only in Hu Jintao period, but also in Xi Jinping's 1st and 2nd terms.

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This paper analyzes the discourse and major legislative amendments that surfaced and were emphasized during China’s Two Sessions in 2024, which were held in reflection of the performance of 2023, the first year of Xi Jinping's third term. Through the analyses, this paper aims to determine where China currently stands and where it is headed in terms of economic growth and innovation. It argues that the Chinese authorities' emphasis on the newly coined concept of "new productive forces (xinzhi shengchanli)" represents a shift from Schumpeter to Marx in the theoretical underpinnings of China's pursuit of innovative growth. Additionally, it suggests that recent amendments to the Corporate Law indicate that Party-led strengthening of vertical and unitary governance could extend to the enterprise level. The paper also points out that China’s new approach may exacerbate problems at the microeconomic level and highlights similarities between contemporary China and the United States of the 1930s, which suffered from a sluggish real estate sector and so-called regime uncertainty. Conversely, the structural environment surrounding China may foster potential for technological development and disruptive or frugal innovations. Building on these insights, the paper proposes policy implications for Korea to address competition and collaboration with China.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the cause of China's ghost urbanization phenomenon from the perspective of real estate supply. China's real estate development is mainly caused by excessive development and supply by local governments. Unlike previous studies conducted in terms of real estate demand, this study has a differentiation studied from the perspective of supply. Under the hypothesis that China's land supply and housing supply were excessive, this study verified this using data from the National Bureau of Statistics. The results of the study are as follows. First, among China's land development, arable land decreased significantly before the global financial crisis, but has since maintained a certain size without a significant decrease. The area of the fall has increased significantly since 2010, but has decreased in 2014. However, it has been on the rise again since 2018. The land purchase area of developing companies also increased in 2010 and decreased after 2014. And it has increased again since 2018. It can be seen that land development in China has increased significantly since 2010 and then slowed down, but has increased since 2018. Second, among China's housing development, the construction area of development companies increased significantly in 2010 and has been on the decline since 2014. And it has been on the rise since 2018. The size of the completion of development companies has been on the rise since 2011. Since then, it has been on a slight decline, but overall, it has been higher than before the global financial crisis. The monthly inventory of pre-sale houses has increased significantly since 2013 and has been on the decline since 2016.

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Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and China in 1992, Korean economic research in Chinese academia has brought about great changes and developments both quantitatively and qualitatively. This paper analyzes how Korean economic research has been conducted in China over the 31 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and China in 1992 until 2023, using statistics from China's authoritative academic site CNKI. As a result, there is not much high-level research, and because it focuses on real-world application, most of the articles are in the form of reports or evaluations rather than theoretical or basic research. The areas of research are not diverse, and research on specific industries is lacking. It was found that the amount of research was small compared to large countries and neighboring countries. In addition, since many studies were motivated by realistic demands for China's economic development, the purpose was to gain implications, experiences, and lessons from them. In order to improve this situation, Chinese scholars must strengthen the depth of research by strengthening basic research in addition to applied research, while continuously exploring new tasks by increasing interest in Korea's emerging economic areas. In the case of Korea, various projects for the globalization and promotion of Korean studies and financial support from Korean policy institutions should be promoted to cross-disciplinary departments, sociology, and national research institutes in China. Exchanges between economists in Korea and China should be strengthened and various platforms should be established to conduct research. They need to help promote actual economic cooperation and exchange between the two countries.

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The principle of separation of the party and the government was emphasized by equal review and institutional maintenance was carried out in order to comply with the leadership principle of the Marxist-Leninist party and to suppress the occurrence of extreme political phenomena brought on by the emergence of the party to the front line. In both Korea and China, the fate of the state can vary depending on the role and function of the party, and the ruling party's policy establishment and implementation, and the philosophy of state administration can fundamentally change the direction and goal of the political community. In China, the Communist Party's leadership principle, which was established after the New China, is a process of changing its direction toward the revision of the constitution and solidifying its structure through the revision of subordinate legal norms. In addition, it has demonstrated through historical experience and political principles that the party administration is not a system suitable for China's national goal of building a social state. The core principle of the end of the Cultural Revolution, reform and opening up, and the re-establishment of the Chinese political system after the revision of the Constitution in 1982 was 'sharing roles through the separation of the party and the government' from 'full rule of the party'. As a result of the extreme left-wing ideological battle, the area of 'economic development' is separated from the area of 'political struggle' so that the administration can function independently. This National People's Congress can be seen as the disappearance of the political system and practices designed and promoted by Deng Xiaoping, and China's governing mechanism has returned to before the Cultural Revolution, which was Mao Zedong's absolute dictatorship.

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Since 1957, China has strategically employed panda to enhance its positive image and influence. At the same time, panda holds particular significance within high-level diplomacy in China. This study aims to delineate the processes and characteristics of China's panda diplomacy, evaluate its achievements and limitations, and deliberate on the requisites and methodologies for effective public diplomacy. There have been two instances where Korea engaged in panda diplomacy. In 1992, to commemorate the establishment of diplomatic relations between ROK and China, Korea leased pandas named Ming Ming and Li Li. And in 2014 once again, to mark the visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping, leased Le Bao and Ai Bao from China. Later, the birth of a panda cub named Fu Bao in Korea, born to Le Bao and Ai Bao, garnered nationwide attention and affection. In 2024, discussions unfolded surrounding the return of Fu Bao to China in accordance with the agreement, revealing the underlying complexities of international politics, diplomatic negotiations, public diplomacy, and attempts to expand influence behind the facade of panda donations with their adorable image. While Korea is positioned to accommodate China's influence alongside pandas, it is imperative to leverage the disparity between the inherent constraints of panda diplomacy and the broader strategic landscape. Through this approach, Korea can manifest its commitment to assuming responsibility as a member of the international community by concurrently upholding international values and norms pertaining to animal protection and welfare while pursuing national interests.

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Since President Xi Jinping began his third consecutive term, there has been active discussion regarding the concentration of presidential power, yet there is a significant lack of research on changes in the authority of the State Council Premier. This situation makes it difficult to comprehensively assess changes in China's power structure. This study examines how Premier Li Keqiang's duties and official activities have evolved during Xi Jinping's tenure by collecting articles spanning his ten-year term and conducting text network analysis and topic modeling. Since 2016, Xi Jinping's leadership had formed a dominant topic affecting other duties of the Premier. These changes appear to be driven by changes in both domestic and international environments, with Xi Jinping seemingly seeking to enhance his power under crisis situations.

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In the recent volatile economic environment, enterprises in the Chinese Information Technology (IT) services sector are reevaluating the human capital characteristics and incentive mechanisms of their management teams to maximize operational performance. This study, based on data from 2017 to 2022, analyzes the impact of the incentives (salary and stock options) and human capital characteristics (average age, education level, gender ratio) of the management teams of listed companies in China's IT services industry on business performance. The findings reveal that companies with older and more educated management teams perform better, particularly when stock option incentives rather than salary incentives are provided to highly educated managers. However, no significant correlation was found between the proportion of female managers and the effectiveness of incentives. These results suggest that considering the quality attributes of human capital when designing and implementing incentive mechanisms can lead to actual performance improvements. Thus, this study empirically unveils the impact of human capital management strategies in China's IT services industry on business performance, providing meaningful insights for future corporate personnel strategies and management composition. This is particularly indicative of the positive impact that tailored incentives based on management characteristics can have on operational performance in highly specialized industries. The outcomes of this study serve as an important reference for corporations developing more systematic and strategic incentive systems.

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The mentor-student relationship is a crucial factor influencing the quality of graduate training and the normal operation of educational organizations. In a multicultural context, cultural differences can hinder international students' perception of harmonious mentor-student relationships. Therefore, analyzing the mechanism of how international students' cultural intelligence quotient affects their perception of mentor-student relationships from a multicultural perspective is of great significance. In order to examine the mediating and moderating relationships among cultural intelligence quotient, bicultural identity integration, level of interpretation, and perception of mentor-student relationship, this study conducted a questionnaire survey on 342 Chinese graduate students studying in South Korea using measurement scales for each variable. The results of the study showed that (1) cultural intelligence quotient plays a significant positive influence on perceptions of mentor-student relationships among Chinese graduate students in Korea; (2) bicultural identity integration plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between cultural intelligence quotient and perceptions of mentor-student relationships; (3) level of interpretation plays a positive moderating role between cultural intelligence quotient and perceptions of mentor-student relationships. In order to improve the level of perceived good student-guide relationships, it is recommended that, in light of the findings, first, consciousness focusing should be conducted to improve graduate students' self-awareness. Second, empowerment should be carried out to enhance the personal abilities of Chinese graduate students in Korea. Finally, a dynamic matching mechanism should be developed to create a harmonious atmosphere of mentor-student relationship.

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