The discussion of the Chinese civil society has originated from the attempt to explore the shift of state-society relations during the era of ‘Reform and Opening-up’. It takes its cue from the fact that various civil society organizations which pursue independent values and interests are expanding quantitatively even under the authoritarian political system. Of course, even today, China’s state-society relations have not shown essential changes yet. In particular, the Chinese authorities is deeply concerned that the civil society may have negative impacts on maintaining China’s political and social stability and the authority of the Communist Party. However, it is not that the Chinese civil society doesn’t work. This paper notes the phenomenon in which various social organizations actively participate in the state-led governance in China. It explores especially the possibility that the social enterprise emerges as the new actor in the Chinese civil society. Focusing more on developing social values and providing public services than on engaging in social movement, the Chinese social enterprises are searching for their survival space by participating in the state-led governance.

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This study is aimed at verifying the transformative leadership of the principal of Chinese Henan high school, the structural relationship between teacher dedication and job satisfaction. To this end, data of 241 teachers working in high school in Henan were analyzed using the principal’s transformative leadership, teacher dedication and job satisfaction measures. The results of the study are as follows. First, the analysis of the transformative leadership of the principal of Chinese high school and the influence of teacher dedication on job satisfaction all had a statistically significant effect. Second, the transformative leadership of Chinese high school principal, the teacher dedication directly affects the job satisfaction, and the transformative leadership indirectly through the teacher’s dedication. Third, the transformative leadership of the Chinese high school principal has an indirect significant effect on job satisfaction with the medium of teacher dedication.

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The good policy for the problem of juvenile delinquency in China is not to reduce the age of criminal responsibility, which is called for by the public opinion, but to improve the system of treatment measures for juvenile delinquency. The current norms of treatment measures are mainly the provision of paragraph 4, Article 17 of the criminal law, which contains the basic concept of family discipline priority and government’s compulsory intervention as the backing. However, through the text interpretation of the regulation, it is found that there are some institutional obstacles, such as the unclear content of the regulation, the lack of provisions on the responsibility of parents or guardians for failing to perform discipline, the unclear application conditions and implementation places of the measures, the singleness of treatment measures system and the applicable behavior, which is short of justice. This paper argues that we should make clear the content of parental discipline and implement the responsibility of parental vocational education, making parents learn how to be parents; construct multiple measures to deal with juvenile delinquents, especially the transitional punishment measures between order for parents to discipline and custody and education, so as to alleviate the excessive dependence on the custody and education, one of the measures to deal with this problem is to perfect the existing working school system; improve the judicial nature of the measures to deal with juvenile delinquents, and establish juvenile delinquents handling departments in police, procuratorate and court,which reduces the randomness of deprivation of personal freedom,so as to eliminate the institutional obstacles to deal with juvenile delinquents.

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While frequent housing-for-debts-repayment disputes have complex and blended characteristics, current law and its judicial interpretation do not demonstrate the contractual freedom, leaving such matters as how to judge the nature and effect of relevant agreements and whether the creditor has a priority of compensation unresolved. As a result, such judges as datio in solutum, transfer guarantee, post-transfer guarantee, flow escort item or renewal of debts were made in judicial practice when dealing with the housing-for-debts-repayment agreement, which has inhibited the unified application of law and impaired judicial authority. Therefore, it is essential to make clear that the housing-for-debts-repayment agreement is a promissory contract requiring actual performance. Meanwhile, in order to improve the judging rules, it’s of necessity to clear and definite elements of constitution, ineffective circumstances, further illustration of Article 24 of the Provisions on the Application of Law in the Trial of Private Lending Cases and exceptions to the application of Article 24. In the context of the increasing combination of artificial intelligence and judicial trials, utilizing the big data processing, information classification, text generation and other functions, AI can complete text extraction and classification based on legal relationship contained under specific agreements, the complexity of the content and the number of relevant articles. At the same time, by means of improving the case database of housing-for-debts-repayment disputes, enhancing the interpretability of housing-for-debts-repayment algorithm and strengthening the research of intellectualization in such disputes, intellectualized trial can be used to predict the judgment and the same judgment in similar cases can be used to improve the litigation efficiency. Thus, an intellectualized trial path will be established which not only is in line with the social reality in China, but also conforms to the principle of freedom of the contract law and the legal interests of the parties, realizing the effective integration of artificial intelligence and jurisdiction.

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Anti-intellectualism can be defined as a desire or a movement that adheres to a particular principle(faith, ideology), through which one harbors animosity towards other principles or attempts to achieve the ideal as suggested by the principle using unreasonable and irrational means. The crux of China’s anti-intellectualism is that the conflict between capitalism and socialism persists. This is the core of Marxism, and the point which Mao Zedong placed the greatest emphasis in the construction of socialism. Mao was convinced that socialist revolutions had to be carried out continuously as long as there existed capitalist countries and the capitalist class, because otherwise, socialism would be toppled by the capitalist class. To this end, Mao initiated the Thought Reform Movement, Anti-Rightist Campaign, and the Cultural Revolution. Xi Jinping also sees capitalist and socialist countries as being locked in confrontational relationships. A strong party and ideological fortification are crucial in safeguarding socialism from the threat of capitalism. Since Mao’s methods are highly effective in achieving this aim, Xi Jinping hopes to revert to Mao’s way. Xi Jinping, in following Mao, aims to build a powerful system of one-man rule, through which to strengthen the party, thereby protecting socialism from the onslaught of capitalism, as well as realizing the China Dream–the revival of the great Chinese nation.

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Since the 19th national congress, environmental issues have drawn more and more national attention. At present, the rapid development of economy and society makes China enter the economic transition period. Under the situation of severe environmental situation and increasingly complicated environmental legal relationship, environmental public interest litigation, as one of the powerful means of environmental public interest judicial relief, fails to give full play to its due effect. China’s environmental public interest litigation started late and is relatively not perfect. The author thinks that the trend lies in the establishment and improvement of a complete system of environmental public interest litigation through the discussion of the plaintiff’s qualification in China’s environmental public interest litigation. The qualification of plaintiff in China’s environmental public interest litigation has always been the focus of controversy and discussion in the academic circle and practice. In this paper, the author will draw on the relevant theories and practices at home and abroad to discuss the qualification of plaintiff in environmental public interest litigation from four different subjects: social organizations, procuratorial organs, relevant administrative organs and citizens.

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The protection of legal interests is the prerequisite of the existence of criminal law norms, and the clear and specific legal interests are necessary for the pursuit of criminal responsibility and the limitation of national penalty power, as well as the general prevention and positive imputation of environmental crimes. The legal interest of environmental crime infringement is a common legal interest closely related to the public interest, which has the characteristics of continuity, concealment and irretrievability. It has the urgency of protection and the difficulty of prevention, and the harm is far more serious than the individual legal interest. With the development of economy and the progress of technology, human beings’ demand for the environment is constantly increasing, which leads to the increasingly serious and complicated environmental protection problems. Currently, most of the articles of criminal law on environmental crimes in China are regulated by actual damage offense, and tend to protect traditional legal interests rather than ecological legal interests. It is difficult to deal with practical problems, and new legal interests are urgently needed to be supplemented and applied. In order to conform to the reality of human and social development, environmental criminal law is constantly breaking away from the framework of protecting traditional legal interests and moving towards ecologization, and the ecological legal interest is also changing and becoming independent. The traditional view of legal interests in Chinese criminal law includes three kinds: national legal interests, social legal interests and individual legal interests. In view of the essential incompatibility between ecological legal interests and national, social and individual legal interests, ecological legal interests and the aforementioned traditional legal interests shall be placed side by side for independent protection. When necessary, the criminal law can intervene in advance within a reasonable limit, and no longer strictly follow the criminal prosecution standard of actual damage or concrete danger. If an environmental violation activity with abstract danger to the general living interests, it can be considered to be included in the scope of punishment.

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China expects the advanced medical and healthcare services industry to grow further due to urbanization, population aging, and advanced living patterns, etc. In particular, the increase of the wealthy class and foreigners will lead to increased demand for foreign-funded hospitals. Grail Insights(智研咨询) emphasized that China’s healthcare market is in high demand for high-end medical services and that investment in related medical institutions has been increasing significantly. The reason is that while consumers have higher expectations for medical quality, local medical institutions in China are not responding appropriately to market demands. Meanwhile, in October 2016, the State Council of China announced the encouraging policy for the elderly caring and customized medical services industry in the Health China 2030(“健康中国 2030”规划纲要). In this regard, this study intends to suggest policy implications for South Korean medical institutions’ investment into China through the analysis of the success factors of ‘UFH(和睦家)’, a representative success case of a foreign-funded medical hospital in China. Medical institutions of considering advancement in South Korea into China through the success factors of the UFH(和睦家) Hospital need to focus on the following aspects: first, the recognition that the trust of local patients is very important; second, the introduction of a medical system with an international management system; third, the rapid adaptation to changes in the healthcare market environment in China; fourth, the importance to provide customized high-quality medical services; fifth, the distinguishing healthcare strategies along with the rapid introduction of the latest medical technology; sixth, the establishment of continuous CS(customer satisfaction) service education system to hospital workers, etc.

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I would explain that it would be the three tendencies of cinema in contemporary China as politics, aesthetics and generalization characteristics. In responsive to the historical stages in modern and contemporary China, the contemporary Chinese cinema have been transformed before and after reformation and openings periods and 2000 years of WTO joining period. In the theoretical reviews, I would suggest that history, modernity and expression thesis. The discrete characteristics of modern and contemporary Chinese cinemas, I would have adhered generalized standard of cinema producers generations line-ups approaches. The ‘17 years of establishment of PRC nation’ period has begun the periods of cinemas adaptation of politics or ideology. After that, the extreme times of cultural revolution period, and post-reformation and openings period, the healing of trauma, the review of people’s lives and national identity search period have proceeded. At present, generalized cinema concepts and quality level-up have come out characteristics under the individuality influence. In conclusion, I would suggest that, first, at past, history and politics characteristics be the reign to the cinemas, second, the mainstream be the two:one be independency and multi-elements things, the other be the main-rhythm cinemas under support of government, and third, the cultural development strategy like korean wave and Korea-China mutual understanding through the contemporary Chinese cinemas would be the important mission.

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China, as a global factory, was able to import intermediate goods from various countries and produce and export final goods from the background of global division of production. However, as the share of value added arising in China’s final products has recently declined, the global production network is showing signs of change. Trade data is generally based on final goods, so it is not possible to analyze global production networks properly. But, when using value-added trade (TiVa) data enable to decomposed to understand the contribution to each part. This study analyzes the changes in China’s value-added trade using the 2005 and 2015 data provided by the OECD. According to the value-added trade analysis, China’s share of the added value of final goods and intermediate goods in 2015 decreased compared to 2005, indicating that China’s position as a global factory has changed. However, the Chinese government’s efforts to reorganize its industrial structure into a high-tech industry have not been visualized, since the value added of final goods is higher than that of intermediate goods. In the case of the high-tech industry, the share of value added in China has decreased, while the share of value added in foreign countries is increasing. The rapid development of technology and the strengthening of protectionism leads to the need to continuously conduct research utilizing various data and methodologies for understanding the changes in global trade structure.

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