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The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of co-branded products attributes and consumers characteristics on customers' purchase intentions, as well as the mediating effects of perceived value. And examine that patriotic consumption on the differences of attitudes in domestic products and foreign products. And analyze differences in the results of path analysis were examined through multi-group according to the product type. The results were as follows. First, in the case of Chinese products, consumers with high Guoqiao in all factors showed higher average values than consumers with low values. On the other hand, in the case of foreign products, contrary to expectations, consumers with high Guoqiao in all factors except innovativeness showed higher average values than consumers with low values. However, in terms of purchase intention, in the case of consumers with a high (high) ‘Guoqiao,’ the purchase intention for Chinese co-branded products was higher than that for foreign products. Second, all product characteristics factors have a positive (+) effect on the perceived value, and product suitability has the greatest effect among them. Among consumer characteristics, innovativeness and face, excluding uniqueness, were found to have a positive (+) effect on perceived value, and among them, consumer innovation had the greatest effect. It was found that all factors of product characteristics and consumer characteristics had a positive (+) effect on purchase intention, and among them, uniqueness had the greatest effect. Perceived value was shown to have a positive (+) effect on purchase intention. In addition, it was found that the perceived value had a mediating effect in relation to purchase intention for all other factors except for scarcity and uniqueness. Third, in the results of multi-group comparative analysis, it is confirmed that there are differences in domestic products group and foreign products group. In particular, in the ‘perceived value → purchase intention’ path, the path coefficient value of domestic products group(B=.365) was the largest.

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In this study, Sex ratio at birth in China was analyzed from various angles. The analysis data used the population census data, which can obtain the most detailed information on the population of a country and has completeness. The main analysis results are as follows. First, the imbalance of sex ratio at birth was most severe in the 6th census. However, in the 7th Census, it was somewhat alleviated. Second, the sex ratio of births by region, excluding outliers, gradually decreased. Third, Hainan(海南) and Guangdong(广东) are regions with the most serious imbalance of sex ratio at birth, while Xizang(西藏) and Xinjiang(新疆) are regions where the sex ratio at birth is normal. Fourth, when comparing the sex ratio at birth between rural and urban areas, the imbalance of sex ratio at birth in rural areas is higher than that in urban. However, the gap between urban and rural areas is gradually narrowing. Fifth, looking at the sex ratio at birth by birth ranking, it was found that the higher the birth ranking, the higher the sex ratio at birth. In particular, the imbalance of sex ratio at birth was very serious from the second child or higher. Finally, as the age of childbirth increases, the sex ratio at birth increases, but as the level of education increases, the sex ratio at birth decreases.

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This paper sought to clarify the background and time of Chen Duxiu's acceptance of Marxism, and what Marxism he accepted had. The main motivation for Chen Duxiu's transformation from a radical democrat to a Marxist was that he saw that the world order pursued by Western powers shortly after World War I was another power. He appears to have become a Marxist between late 1920 and early 1921. And Marxism, which he has embraced, is similar to Old Bolshevism in that it is generally a step theory, but it also has differences. Finally, this paper emphasizes that Chen Duxiu's becoming a Marxist was an inevitable choice in the background of that era in the Chinese society.

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What is the goal of national regulation of algorithms in China? What algorithm regulations have the state implemented based on autonomy and capacity to realize these goals? How can the results of algorithmic regulation by the state be evaluated? Regarding these research questions, this paper intends to make the following arguments. There are two national goals of algorithm regulation. First, algorithms relate to the important interests of everyone in the social context. In particular, the state seeks to protect users (consumers) by regulating algorithms. In addition, the state intends to secure user support and social stability by protecting users. Second, in the ever-increasing hegemonic war with the United States, China is aiming for national security and social stability both inside and outside. However, at the global level, hegemonic countries and large platforms promote hegemony through algorithms. This is because the country recognizes that algorithms can be a risk to national security or social stability at the global level or within China. Since the end of 2020, the state has already shown the state's autonomy and capabilities in big tech by implementing high-intensity regulations on big tech. The state's autonomy and capabilities were also exercised in the regulation of algorithms. It shows the state's regulatory performance on algorithms in the fields of legislation, law enforcement supervision, and jurisdiction.

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This paper analyses the efficiency of the FDI manufacturing industries from 2003-2021 using the BCC model and the Malmquist index in both static and dynamic terms. And this paper divides the FDI manufacturing industries from 2003-2021 into two periods, the before period is the completion of the corporate income tax reform 2003-2012, and the after period is the completion of the corporate income tax reform 2013-2021. From a static perspective, the average of technical efficiency in 2003 was 0.686, the average of pure technical efficiency was 0.700 and the average of scale efficiency was 0.983. The average technical efficiency in 2021 is 0.773, the average pure technical efficiency is 0.842 and the average scale efficiency is 0.923. The average technical efficiency of the industries in 2021 is higher than the average technical efficiency of the industries in 2003, mainly due to the improvement in the average pure technical efficiency of the industries. Most of the FDI manufacturing industries in 2003 and 2021 have low levels of technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency. From a dynamic perspective, the average Malmquist index for 2003-2012 is 1.035, with a 3.5% increase in the efficiency of the FDI manufacturing sector. the average Malmquist index for 2013-2021 is 1.002, with a 0.2% increase in the efficiency of the FDI manufacturing sector. This indicates a better improvement in efficiency in the period before the completion of the corporate income tax reform than in the period after the completion of the corporate income tax reform. The average Malmquist index for the 23 industries in the manufacturing sector from 2003-2021 is 1.019, indicating a 1.9% increase in efficiency in FDI manufacturing industries. Efficiency increased in 19 of the 23 industries and decreased in 4 industries between 2003 and 2021, indicating that efficiency in most of China's FDI manufacturing industries is increasing.

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With the recent gradual disappearance of the Covid-19, the catering industry, which was heavily hit during the COVID-19 period, urgently needs to adjust its business strategies. This is crucial for improving business profits, recovering customers, and maintaining long-term competitiveness. Therefore, this study focuses on Haidilao, a well-known Chinese restaurant chain that was relatively less affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. By combining literature and case analysis, the study examines the internal and external environment and competitiveness faced by Haidilao. The analysis results show that Haidilao has significant advantages in terms of company size, product quality, service quality, and employee management. In the post-COVID-19 era, Haidilao faces intense competition from competitors, but it is expected to gain more opportunities rather than threats. Furthermore, this study provides insights into improving the competitiveness and development strategies of food service companies in both South Korea and China.

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China under Xi Jinping has become uncertain and unpredictable. And as if the recent economic situation, global political turmoil has also worsened. In this situation, we need to understand China's perception and perspective, especially the policy makers' group, and further gauge their important policy-making directions based on it. Based on these practical needs and lack of domestic and foreign research, this paper examined China's collective learning system and analyzed the current status and contents. The overall configuration is as follows. This Paper examined the background and purpose in Chapter 1, the historical development and meaning of collective learning system in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 and 4 considered the current status and meaning of collective learning system during Xi Jinping era. At the end, Chapter 5 summarized Chapter 2~4 and tried to present its meaning and implications.

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