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This study explores why and how China, which traditionally had the identity of a continental power, has attempted maritime expansion, and what the geopolitical implications are. China began to recognize the importance of the ocean in the wake of the Opium War and has been pursuing long-term and gradual strengthening of sea power since it became aware that securing sea power was essential for national sovereignty after the outbreak of the Taiwan issue and the Korean War. Since the end of Hu Jintao's rule and Xi Jinping's succession, China has been actively promoting maritime expansion, claiming to be a “maritime great power.” In China, the ocean was a taboo and a target to defend, but is now recognized as an essential space for rising as a great power. China's maritime expansion has consequently sharpened the rivalry between the continental power and the maritime power, the United States and China, and and triggered a competition for maritime hegemony between the two countries. The U.S. is strengthening its alliance to curb China's maritime expansion. Yet, the alliance that were traditionally concluded for security, is taking on a more multi-layered and comprehensive character. Security instability surrounding China's waters is also increasing. The Yellow Sea, where Korea and China face, cannot be said to have no possibility of intentional or accidental clashes. Amid the U.S.-China conflict that has spread to maritime competition, South Korea's strategic opportunity, which has pursued a hedging strategy like “security with the U.S. and economy with China” after establishing diplomatic ties between Seoul and Beijing, is highly likely to diminish in the future.

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Based on the theory of asset reorganization, this paper expounds the concept of real estate non-performing assets, analyzes the causes of the formation of non-performing assets from four aspects, then summarizes the main disposal methods of real estate non-performing assets at present. On this basis, it puts forward the definition of real estate “relief agent construction” and “public debt”, analyzes the characteristics and makes a specific explanation of project investment standards from multiple dimensions. With the limited partnership fund, the real estate non-performing asset relief agent construction model structure is established, and the loan of the rescue agent enjoys the withdrawal of priority creditor's rights in the form of public welfare debt, whose process is implemented through five steps. It analyzes the case of JK Company by using the rescue agent construction model to revitalize a residential non-performing assets project, then focuses on the structural design of the rescue agent construction model, summarizes the risk control measures and lessons. It believes that this model is feasible for the revitalization of sales type residential buildings, with good social and economic effects, which will further improve and enrich the theoretical research and social practice of real estate asset-light development and operation.

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China had increasingly emerged as a nation threatening U.S. in the global market, along with the complication and digitalization of the global supply chain and the development of high-tech technology, and tries to newly reorganize the international order, according to the international trend, the economic security and the rearrangement of the global supply chain. Korea, which has kept close relationship with both U.S. and China, now faces a new coming crisis. Moreover, the economic security emerged as an important issue in the Korean society, as it has underwent China's THAAD retaliation, Japan's semiconductor export control measures, the South Korea-China urea crisis, etc. Above all, it is important to quickly response to the tendency of Chinese relevant policies and laws, to cope with a huge amount of tasks such as the Korean safe supply chain, the establishment of economic security, protection of important infrastructures and data, and prevention from technology leakages. The Chinese government makes effort to actively respond to the U.S.‘s sanctions on China and take the lead in the competition for technology hegemony with U.S.. It introduced the‘dual circulation(双循环) development strategy’, which seeks out the diversification of supply chains through the establishment of the red supply chain(红色供应链) and one belt one road initiative(一带一路), and simultaneously aims to sinicizing local supply chains. In addition, it began to develop legal measures for reinforcing the export control of strategic goods, applying sanctions on foreign companies and individuals, which threaten the Chinese national security, and taking measures to cope with the control of export to China, and is expected to continuously maintain related laws in the future. Korea needs to carefully examine such movement of China, extend and reorganize the intermediate goods/manufacturing industry-based Korea-China trade structure into consumer goods/service industry, and also internally intensify the high-tech superpower strategy.

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This study aims to identify the factors that affect consumers' intention to use second-hand trading apps in the rapidly growing second-hand trading market in China. Based on the Value-based Adoption Model, this study verified the relationship between perceived benefits, perceived sacrifice, perceived value, and intention to use of second-hand trading app users. A survey was conducted with 235 individuals who had previous experience with second-hand trading, and the hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. The results of this study are as follows. First, it was found that perceived benefits (usefulness, enjoyment) have a positive impact on perceived value. This can be interpreted as consumers perceiving that using second-hand trading apps is beneficial in terms of being able to easily and quickly purchase desired items, as well as saving time and effort. Such perception of usefulness by consumers positively influences the perceived value. In addition, the more consumers perceive that they are interested and enjoyable while browsing second-hand goods or change their mood while using second-hand trading apps, it has a positive effect on perceived value. Second, security as a perceived sacrifice has a negative effect on perceived value, but product uncertainty as a perceived sacrifice has no negative effect on perceived value. If consumers perceive security risks during the transaction process of using second-hand trading apps, it can be considered to have a negative impact on perceived value. On the other hand, product uncertainty was found to have no significant influence on perceived value, considering the possibility that consumers participating in transactions are aware that the actual product quality may differ from their expectations due to the nature of second-hand trading. Third, perceived value has a positive effect on intention to use. It can be seen that the more people perceive that using a second-hand transaction app is worthwhile, the more they want to use the second-hand transaction app continuously.

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In the 21st century, the landscape of the economy has been reshaped by entrepreneurship, with college students in China emerging as central figures in driving innovation. Among the provinces in China, Sichuan stands out due to its substantial student population and the significant number of graduates produced by its higher education institutions annually. However, the economic situation has taken a downturn due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, exacerbating the challenges faced by college graduates in their job search endeavors within China. This scenario necessitates the Chinese government to revamp entrepreneurial policies, ensuring their continued relevance in this changing environment. In this context, the current study examines the policy documents concerning innovative entrepreneurship among college students in Sichuan Province. The objective is to decipher the policy’s trajectory and provide recommendations for improvement. Employing Nvivo12 software as the analytical tool, this study dissects the policy documents based on Rothwell and Zegveld's policy classification framework, which encompasses three fundamental categories: environmental factors, supply-related elements, and demand-related components. Nvivo12 is utilized to scrutinize excerpts from policy documents, concentrating on the distribution of supply, demand, and environmental aspects. Consequently, this investigation delves into the focal points and subjects highlighted in the policy documents while assessing the interconnectedness of the policy tools. The findings underscore a relatively equitable distribution of the three policy tools supporting innovative entrepreneurship among college students in Sichuan Province. Nonetheless, the distribution of subcategories within these policy types diverges from the overall pattern. This misalignment suggests a need to adjust and optimizing the polices aimed at fostering innovative entrepreneurship among college students in Sichuan, striving for a harmonized approach. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of Sichuan Province formulating a policy ecosystem that seamlessly integrates with local dynamics while advocating for the overarching establishment of a new national framework for innovative entrepreneurship, a vision the Chinese government should champion. Ultimately, the study underscores the imperative for Sichuan Province to cultivate a sustainable and standardized policy framework for innovative entrepreneurship among college students. This framework should be adaptable and implementable through collaborative efforts among various government entities.

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Food plays a significant role in attracting tourists to a destination. With the rapid growth of social media, a new form of food known as internet-famous food has gained popularity among young tourists. This paper analyzes the image of internet-famous food in Yangzhou through qualitative research based on online travel logs. A framework for measuring Internet-famous food destination image is developed. Compared to traditional food images, several new dimensions have been identified. Firstly, in the cognitive image, customers pay attention to the appearance of the food, the appearance of staff, customization and interaction in the process of food providing. Secondly, the affective image includes the sense of ritual in the internet-famous restaurants, the ambiance perceived by customers, and the restaurant's star effect for example, the atmosphere that makes customers feel as if they have participated in an event. Lastly, in the conative image, customers' travel logs and their sharing on social media serve as additional dimensions. The research found out that food image is an integral part of the overall destination image. A positive food experience enhances the destination's image, while a negative food experience can have a detrimental effect on the destination's image. The development of the internet-famous food destination image contributes to the enrichment of the tourism destination image (TDI) theory.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that resolve the ghost urbanization phenomenon through Kangbashi located in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China's representative ghost city in 2012. For the study, it was first confirmed whether the ghost city of Kangbashi was resolved through the ghost city index, housing price, and vacancy rate. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the ghost city of Kangbashi was resolved. The factors that resolve the ghost city of Kangbashi analyzed based on this are as follows. First, income did not have a significant impact on resolving the phenomenon of ghost city. Second, as the living infrastructure improved year by year, it affected the phenomenon of ghost city. In particular, the estimation of educational facilities and tourism resources played a major role in resolving the ghost urbanization of Kangbashi. Third, the rise in resource prices led to an increase in fiscal income, helping to resolve unsold houses. Since 2016, when coal prices rose, the Ordos government has exhausted its inventory by developing unsold houses as public housing and rental houses.

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This paper focuses on the impact of the Biden administration's foreign economic policy and the correlative strategic alliance system on shipping cooperation between Korea and China. The shipping industry takes an important role in maritime initiative and supply chains. This paper explains the Biden government's foreign economic policy on supply chains and its policy of suppressing the global shipping industry. It also explains the strategic alliance system of correlation policy. The U.S. government issues legislation strengthening supply chain of domestic high-technologies and gives an order to suppress the global shipping industry. In order to strengthen maritime cooperation, the U.S. established the AUKUS, "Partners in Blue Pacific" (PBP) and "India-Pacific Partnership for Sea Area Identification" (IPMDA) under quad systems. This paper compares the Korean-Chinese shipping industry in the background of the leadership of the shipping industry. It mainly compares the size of shipping companies, the shipping federation of shipping companies, trade ports, shipping industry governance, and maritime transportation routes. China's competitiveness in the shipping industry is stronger than that of Korea. China and Korea have common route in maritime transportation. This paper then analyzes Korea-China shipping cooperation in three aspects: the shipping cooperation system between Korea and China, route cooperation, and the impact of the Biden government's foreign economic policy and alliance system on Korea-China shipping cooperation. Korea and China are treating each other as the most favored nation in shipping. The two countries also strengthen cooperation in ferry shipping. Korea-China ferry cooperation is considered the biggest feature of Korea-China shipping cooperation. A total of 16 routes are established, including 13 trade ports in China and 3 trade ports in Korea. Private cooperation is operating well. In addition, the trading ports of the two countries belong to the global container shipping network. The U.S. Biden administration's semiconductor supply chain control policy does not have a significant impact on Korea's shipping economy to China. This is because the main means of transportation of memory semiconductors is air transportation. IPMDA is likely to collect cooperative data on Southeast Asian and Pacific routes of Korean and Chinese shipping companies. In the future, there is a possibility that the U.S. government will directly strengthen cooperative relations with Korean shipping companies.

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This study analyzes the latest Chinese political elite type change with the case of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party, which was formed in 2022. As a framework of analysis, a 4-dimensional political elite typology is used by modifying and supplementing the existing 2-dimensional typology. In other words, unity, differentiation, extent of circulation and mode of circulation all measure changes in the type of political elite in four dimensions. As a result of the analysis, China's newest type of political elite has the following characteristics that are different from the existing types. The level of unity is similar to or slightly higher than before. The degree of differentiation has increased somewhat. The range of circulation was significantly narrowed, and the way of circulation was found to be somewhat radical. Therefore, according to the 4-dimensional political elite typology, it can be said that it has changed to the ‘S-W-N-S' type.

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