This study aims to analyze the point of convergence between the multicultural politics promoted by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the Indigenous name rectification movement initiated by Taiwan’s Indigenous peoples, and to examine how these two movements became interconnected. Taiwan’s multicultural politics began to take shape as the suppressed demands for the rights of various ethnic groups came to the forefront with the advancement of democratization. This became a key moment where the Democratic Progressive Party’s movement for Taiwan’s identity-building and the indigenous people’s efforts to restore their collective identity intersected. Particularly, the indigenous people sought to reclaim their language, history, and cultural identity, and to recover the rights that had long been oppressed. This journey began with educational and cultural movements, gradually progressing to demands for political representation, autonomy, land rights, and other tangible rights. Within this context, the DPP’s movement for Taiwan’s identity, which rejected the naming conventions imposed by the Other, evolved into a political project that went beyond mere changes in nomenclature. It became a resistance against the linguistic order produced by state power and an effort to reconstruct national identity through the name “Taiwan”. The indigenous people’s movement for renaming also originated from a critique of the othering labels such as “mountain compatriots” or “mountain people” under the Kuomintang regime, and it evolved into a struggle for the establishment of an autonomous self-identity. This study aims to demonstrate that the indigenous renaming movement is closely linked not only to cultural preservation or the recovery of ethnic rights, but also to the new national identity and political legitimacy pursued by the DPP. Through this, the study seeks to examine the implications of Taiwan’s multicultural politics and the restoration of identity in the post-colonial era from an East Asian perspective.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) governance has emerged as one of the most critical global policy agendas in recent years. Consequently, analyzing the governance characteristics of major countries and regions to promote the healthy development of global AI is garnering significant attention. This study systematically compared and analyzed the AI governance mechanisms of the United States, China, the European Union (EU), and South Korea by employing the paradigm of comparative policy research and utilizing an analytical framework based on policy process theory. The analysis revealed two distinct governance paradigms in the agenda structuring phase: vertical sector-specific regulatory approaches and horizontal risk classification systems. In terms of institutional coordination, common strategic orientations were identified toward classified governance, agile governance, and collaborative governance. At the level of policy implementation, significant divergences were observed among countries regarding their emphasis on governmental oversight, industry self-regulation, or third-party oversight mechanisms.

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The study aims to analyze the impact of cultural content development centered on Busan Chinatown on its evolution into a sustainable cultural city and to propose specific implementation strategies. In modern cities, culture serves as a crucial resource for promoting economic, social, and environmental sustainability, playing a key role in strengthening regional identity and boosting economic vitality. Busan Chinatown, with its geographical and historical characteristics and potential for Korea-China cultural convergence, holds the possibility of growing into a tourism and cultural hub. However, it currently faces limitations in areas such as tourist stay duration, consumption patterns, and content diversity. The research findings indicate that, for Chinatown to develop into a destination for extended stays, it is essential to diversify cultural content, establish a global brand, achieve social integration through collaboration with local residents, and connect with the Busan International Tourism City project through the construction of a smart tourism environment and global marketing. Through these efforts, Chinatown can transform from a mere tourist attraction into a sustainable platform encompassing the local economy and culture. This study suggests that the development of Korea-China cultural content and the establishment of an international network can position Chinatown as one of Busan’s leading tourist attractions and a central hub for Korea-China exchange. It also provides practical implications for regional balanced development and cultural city policies. Furthermore, the study proposes concrete strategies for revitalizing the local economy and enhancing Busan’s international standing, demonstrating how Busan can take a significant step toward becoming a global tourism hub city.

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This paper analyzes the issue of maritime boundary delimitation between South Korea and China through an intersectional approach that integrates international law and international politics. In the contemporary era, the ocean is no longer merely a repository of resources or a route for transportation; rather, it has been redefined as a strategic domain of central importance. In particular, the maritime space of Northeast Asia has emerged as a region of intensifying structural tensions, where the U.S.–China strategic rivalry, Japan’s military normalization, China’s maritime expansion, and South Korea’s redefined security strategy intersect.Within this context, the Provisional Measures Zone (PMZ) in the West Sea stands out as a representative case in which interpretations of international law come into direct conflict with national strategic objectives. Under the so-called “West Sea Project,” China is accumulating maritime control through a combination of activities, including the construction of structures disguised for civilian use, maritime surveys, and surveillance operations. This represents a case in which international law is utilized as an instrument of national strategy and reflects an attempt to institutionalize state interests through legal instrumentalization. In contrast, South Korea continues to emphasize international legal legitimacy based on the equidistance/midline principle, but remains structurally disadvantaged in terms of effective control and the construction of a negotiation framework. This paper argues that China’s approach is not merely a collection of legal measures, but a strategic plan aimed at restructuring maritime order and gaining the initiative in negotiation dynamics. It further examines the structural characteristics of international law, which, while functioning as an autonomous and universal normative system, is simultaneously subject to relativization and instrumentalization in accordance with the power relations of international politics. The maritime boundary delimitation between Korea and China must be understood as a complex strategic domain where legal legitimacy and effective control operate simultaneously. The issue of maritime boundary delimitation between South Korea and China should be understood as a complex strategic domain in which international legal legitimacy and effective control operate simultaneously. South Korea cannot secure a leading position in negotiations by relying solely on normative claims. A strategy that simultaneously upholds the principles of international law and strengthens control at sea, alongside diplomatic pressure, is essential—and must serve as a core strategic framework for the long-term protection of maritime sovereignty. In response to China’s installation of maritime structures and attempts to expand its influence, South Korea must assert leadership in shaping the direction and framework of maritime boundary delimitation through a response that combines legal legitimacy with effective measures.

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The service sector has emerged as a central axis of value creation, driven by advancements in ICT technology and digital transformation. It is becoming a critical factor in assessing the economic growth and trade competitiveness of East Asian countries. Accordingly, this study analyzes the trade competitiveness of the service sector in East Asian countries amidst changes in the global economic structure and examines whether the Flying Geese Model, traditionally used to explain manufacturing-driven economic development, is applicable to the service sector. This study utilized IMF service trade statistics and the RSCA index to compare the service export competitiveness and sectoral dynamics of 12 East Asian countries. The analysis revealed that some countries have strengthened their competitiveness in high-value-added sectors such as ICT, finance, and other business services, with clear disparities in competitiveness and development stages among countries. While the Flying Geese Model’s sequential development pattern was observed in industries such as other business services, transportation, and intellectual property services, this pattern was not evident in advanced industries like ICT and finance. Industry- and country-specific factors are presumed to play a significant role in these results. The findings of this study offer several implications for enhancing the competitiveness of East Asia’s service sector. First, the importance of digital transformation and fostering high-value-added service industries is emphasized. Second, transitioning to a service-oriented economic structure is imperative. Third, leveraging the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) to strengthen regional cooperation is crucial. Reducing regulatory barriers between countries will be essential to promoting the complementary development of service industries.

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This study examines how online review expertise and recency influence brand switching behavior, focusing on the sequential mediating roles of review trust and product trust. As digital consumption grows, consumers increasingly form trust through online reviews without direct product experience, making trust a key factor in purchasing and brand-switching decisions. The study empirically analyzes how review characteristics shape trust formation and brand switching behavior. The results show that review expertise and recency positively affect review trust, which in turn influences product trust, leading to brand switching. A significant sequential mediation effect of review trust and product trust is confirmed in the relationship between review characteristics and brand switching. These findings highlight that online reviews are not only informational sources but also key mechanisms shaping trust and brand-switching behavior. Theoretically, the study extends trust transfer theory to experiential product consumption. Practically, it offers insights for developing review-based marketing strategies in the Chinese cosmetics market.

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This study aims to examine the impact of organizational climate on turnover intention among Generation Z employees in China and to verify the mediating effect of affective commitment in this relationship. Generation Z values fairness, self-fulfillment, and emotional respect and is known to be significantly influenced by organizational climate and emotional attachment when considering turnover. Specifically, this study investigates how organizational climate—comprising friendliness, innovativeness, and fairness—affects turnover intention and whether affective commitment mediates this relationship. An online survey was conducted among Chinese Gen Z workers, and data were collected from 282 respondents. The empirical analysis revealed that organizational climate negatively affects turnover intention and that affective commitment fully mediates this relationship. The findings underscore cultivating a supportive organizational environment and developing individualized HR strategies to enhance affective commitment among Gen Z employees. This study provides practical implications for designing effective human resource management strategies that align with the values and characteristics of Generation Z.

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Guided by the Compulsory Education Labor Curriculum Standards, this paper takes Shanghai Y Primary School as an example to deeply explore the implementation status and optimization strategies of the labor education curriculum for primary school students. The study found that although the goal system of China's labor education curriculum is comprehensive and specific, it still faces many problems in the actual implementation process. The article first reviews the development process of China's labor education, points out the transformation of labor education from the initial integration into other subjects to independent courses, and emphasizes its importance in the comprehensive development of the education system. Then, through field interviews and data analysis of Y Primary School, the current status of the implementation of the labor education curriculum for primary school students is revealed, including problems in curriculum goal design, content arrangement and teaching methods. Specific problems include neglect of the values of labor education, incomplete and overly superficial curriculum content design, and insufficient support for students' labor experience. In response to these problems, this paper proposes optimization strategies, including optimizing curriculum goal design, rationally using curriculum resources to innovate curriculum content, and strengthening the scientific nature of teaching organization, aiming to improve the implementation effect of the labor education curriculum and promote the all-round development of students. Finally, the article emphasizes the necessity of further strengthening policy guidance and practical exploration, in order to continuously improve the labor education curriculum system and lay a solid foundation for improving students' comprehensive quality. Through the research in this article, empirical basis and theoretical support are provided for the optimization of primary school labor education curriculum.

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With the implementation of reform and opening-up policies, China's urbanization entered a period of rapid development, leading to land conflicts and environmental degradation. In 2019, the Central Economic Work Conference officially included urban renewal and old neighborhood renovation as crucial for people's well-being and health. Renovation of old neighborhoods in China, guided by urban renewal theory, has started relatively late. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of research findings and projects. We need to organize current practices and theories, analyze future improvements, and offer valuable suggestions. First, this article provides an overview and introduction of urban renewal and old neighborhoods, distinguishing them from traditional renovation forms. Then, it summarizes relevant literature, policy background, multidimensional renovation models, academic focus, and development. Next, by analyzing the renovation experiences and research findings of Western developed countries like the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as those of Japan and South Korea, which are part of East Asia's cultural sphere, it became clear that these nations have advanced experiences and outstanding achievements in improving reform systems and coordinating community governance. Finally, the analysis above shows that in recent years, the Chinese government and scholars have continuously explored policy formulation, multidimensional renovation, and residential participation. However, by reviewing domestic research findings and cases, it is clear that challenges remain in implementing old neighborhood renovations. Therefore, this paper argues that China's renovation of old neighborhoods requires a comprehensive legal framework, phased renovation systems based on their lifecycle, improved funding systems to promote the application of digital and ecological technologies, and strengthened subsequent safeguards. Currently, China's old neighborhood renovation is entering a phase of rapid development. By reviewing existing research findings and proposing improvement suggestions, we dynamically adjust the direction of old neighborhood renovations to support them.

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[Objective]This study aims to systematically sort out the research progress of college students‘mental health problems in the past ten years, reveal the knowledge structure, research hotspots and dynamic evolution law of this field with the help of CiteSpace visualisation tools, compare the international research differences, and propose future research directions and intervention strategies based on multidisciplinary perspectives, so as to provide theoretical support for the education and practice of college students’ mental health in the new era. [Methods] Taking the literature related to college students' mental health problems in Chinese colleges and universities included in the databases of China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Web of Science and other databases from 2000 to 2024 as samples, CiteSpace 6.2.R4 software was used to carry out a visual analysis of the trend of the number of articles, the authors of the articles, and the types of the articles issued. [Results] Through the psychological health management of college students can not only prevent crises and improve the efficiency of intervention, but also enhance the psychological quality of students and promote campus harmony. [Conclusion] The research on psychological problems of college students presents diversified and dynamic features, but there are limitations such as obvious disciplinary barriers and lack of longitudinal data. In the future, it is necessary to integrate artificial intelligence, neuroscience and other emerging technologies to deepen the theoretical model, build a localised psychological service system, and at the same time, strengthen the cross-cultural comparative research under the global perspective, so as to promote the development of mental health education in the direction of precision and prevention.

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Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is located in the eastern part of Jilin Province. It is the intersection of the three centers of economic, population and geography in Northeast Asia. It has a special geographical location, ethnic composition and international environment. With the continuous advancement of China 's economic development and urbanization, a large number of population migration has led to the problem of hollowing out in the border areas of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, which has adversely affected its development and brought risks and challenges to the security of the border areas. Therefore, this paper takes the border area of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture as the research area. Based on the social and economic statistical data and remote sensing monitoring data and the field investigation of the area, this paper fully understands and grasps the current situation of the hollowing out of the area, analyzes its causes and effects, and puts forward the countermeasures to control the hollowing out of the border area, in order to alleviate and inhibit the further deepening of the hollowing out phenomenon in the area and promote its sustainable development.

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The “Four New Modernizations” of the automotive industry are not only a technological revolution but also a strategic opportunity to reshape the discourse power of the global industrial chain. The talent gap in China’s energy-saving and new energy vehicle sector exposes the structural disconnection between the education chain and the industrial chain. As a national strategy to respond to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the “New Engineering” initiative requires universities to break down disciplinary barriers, build an interdisciplinary training system integrating “mechanical engineering + electronics + AI + communications,” and cultivate composite talents with global competitiveness. However, universities currently face deep-seated contradictions such as lagging curriculum systems, low participation rates in practical teaching, and rigid faculty knowledge structures, resulting in only 45% of graduates meeting interdisciplinary competency standards, making it difficult to support the industry’s climb to the high end of the value chain. Therefore, this study, guided by the strategy of building China into a “manufacturing power,” focuses on the talent training models of vehicle engineering majors in 12 “Double First-Class” universities. Through cross-regional comparison and quantitative analysis, it constructs a dynamic adaptation model of “industrial demand-education supply” to provide theoretical and practical solutions for higher engineering education reform. Taking “geographical location-industrial characteristics-disciplinary advantages” as the three-dimensional coordinates, the 12 “Double First-Class” universities have formed diverse training paradigms: Tongji University in the east integrates “intelligent connected vehicles + new energy” to connect with Shanghai’s global automotive innovation hub; Tsinghua University, Beijing Institute of Technology, and other universities in the north rely on the capital’s scientific and technological innovation resources and the industrial base in Northeast China to build a full-chain training system of “basic research-application research and development”; Chang’an University, Chongqing University, and other universities in the west closely follow the coordinated needs of transportation and the automotive industry in the west under the “Belt and Road” initiative; South China University of Technology in the south integrates into the electronic information industry ecosystem of the Greater Bay Area; Wuhan University of Technology in the central region supports the upgrading of the central manufacturing base. However, the contradiction between the “stability” of the training system and the “dynamics” of the industry is essentially a fundamental conflict between the education paradigm of the industrial economy era and the industrial needs of the digital economy era. Therefore, this study proposes a reform and reconstruction: a paradigm innovation from “disciplinary fragmentation” to “systemic integration,” improving the curriculum ecology, upgrading the practice system, and optimizing the faculty structure to promote the transformation of the training system from “knowledge imparting” to “competency generation.” Breaking through the local improvement mindset of the traditional training model, it constructs a closed loop of “needs insight-scheme design-effect evaluation” from a systems theory perspective, improving the employment rate in intelligent connected vehicle positions and the compliance rate of software capabilities of graduates, and finally forming a replicable “New Engineering” training paradigm. The study not only provides a reform template for vehicle engineering majors but also offers methodological insights for other engineering majors: higher engineering education needs to take industrial needs as the root problem, break down knowledge barriers through interdisciplinary integration, reconstruct the training process through industry-education integration, and ultimately provide strategic support for building a new ecosystem of “talent-technology-industry” co-evolution for China’s automotive industry in global competition.

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conflict and ethical tension. To validate the generalizability of the proposed framework, the study also includes a comparative analysis with the dance drama The Red Detachment of Women, highlighting differences in subject matter and expressive logic while affirming the universality of the proposed three-part model: content selection prThis study takes the Chinese contemporary dance drama Thunder and Rain as a case study to systematically examine the theoretical foundations, practical pathways, and cultural implications of adapting literary works into dance dramas. It explores the intrinsic differences between literature and dance drama in terms of media attributes, narrative structures, and audience reception, and identifies four key theoretical dimensions: media characteristics, narrative disparity, reception differences, and the potential linkage between the two mediums. At the practical level, this research analyzes the adaptation strategies employed in Thunder and Rain, focusing on three aspects: content selection, character reconstruction, and structural innovation. Centering on the character Fan Yi, the dance drama adopts a six-act non-linear structure that uses physical movement to convey psychological inciples, strategies for character centralization, and structural reconstruction of dance narrative. The paper further reflects on the challenges and limitations inherent in such adaptations, such as the tension between artistic condensation and literary depth, the ambiguity of physical language, and the interpretive demands of non-linear storytelling. It argues that adaptation is not a simple retelling, but a creative transformation across media, meaning systems, and cultural contexts. Ultimately, the study underscores the role of literary adaptation into dance drama in fostering cross-media dissemination of Chinese literature and promoting intercultural communication, especially between China and Korea. It offers valuable insight for future research and regional artistic collaboration in East Asia.

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As a record of the emperor's appearance and a tool to strengthen the imperial power, the imperial portrait had an important position in the court culture of the Qing Dynasty. Since the Kangxi Emperor's time, the Chaozhu has become an indispensable element in the emperor's portrait, a change that profoundly reflects the high degree of centralisation of power in the Qing Dynasty and the exchange and fusion of cultures of the Manchus, the Chinese, and the Mongols. In this paper, we use the method of Pannowski's iconography to explain and interpret the origin, form and wearing regulations of the Chaozhu, to deeply analyse the symbolism of the iconic action of the emperor's hand cupping the Buddha's head in the portraits, and to reflect on the ideas of monarchical power and religious concepts embedded in them.

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The Yangtze River Economic Belt in China covers 11 provincesand cities,with an areaof approximately 205.23 million square kilometers, accounting for 21.4% ofthe country's total land area. It spans acrossthe three major regions of eastern, central, western, and eastern China,and holdsan important national development position.The green development ofthe Yangtze River Economic Beltin Chinais an important deployment and implementation of sustainable development concepts such as "ecological priority, green development" and "joint efforts to protect and avoid large-scale development". Taking 48 legal publicity and education bases located in 11 provinces of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China as samples,ArcGIS 10.8 software was usedto comprehensively analyzethe spatial agglomeration, density characteristics, and spatial correlation of legal publicityand education basesin the Yangtze River Economic Beltusing kernel densityanalysis, local correlation index, and other methods;And comprehensively usingmultiple statistical analysismethods such as overlay analysis, buffer zone analysis, and correlation analysisto explorethe impact of socio-economic factorssuch as economic development, urban radiation,and transportation networks onthe spatial distributionof legal publicityand education bases. The in-depthstudy and visualizationof the spatial differentiation and influencing factors of the legal propaganda base in the Yangtze River Economic Belt isa breakthrough in traditional theoretical research.No longer limited to policy requirements, theoretical exploration should be conducted from the aspects of the subject, methods or media, content, object or target of legal publicity and education. Instead, empirical research is conducted using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools to reveal the clustering characteristics, correlation patterns, and coupling mechanisms of geographical elements in its spatial distribution, and to explore the actual needs of China's current rule of law construction and propaganda education. The researchresults indicate that the legal publicity and education bases in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China exhibit an uneven spatial distribution pattern, with agglomeration areas mainly concentrated at the borders of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui, and Hubei provinces, as well as the borders of Jiangxi and Hunan provinces, and the Sichuan Chongqing region with the provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Hubei. Their connectivity features are significant, but there is no spatial correlation within them; Chongqing and Shanghai, as municipalities directly under the Yangtze River Economic Belt, show a high agglomeration trend; The leading role ofpolicy environment, the driving role ofeconomic development, the radiatingroleof central cities, and the supporting role oftransportation conditions jointly affect the spatial differentiation ofthe legal propaganda base in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The research results are not only beneficial for us to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of the "uneven distribution, local aggregation, and lack of central and western regions" in the legal publicity and education bases of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China, but also for us to explore the influencing factors behind the problem, further optimize and balance the legal development environment of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and promote the improvement of the national legal education bases. At the same time, it can also provide problem orientation, research methods, analysis strategies, and solutions for the construction of various legal education bases or other legal platforms in countries such as South Korea. Remind all countries to pay attention to the fair distribution of national legal resources and citizens' right to education in the spatial dimension, balance the efficiency of legal education with individual fairness, focus on the dissemination of the rule of law under national institutional innovation, and use a spatial justice perspective to ensure that different groups have equal opportunities to receive legal education.

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In the digital era, the value tensions in network identity authentication regulations are primarily manifested in the structural conflicts between security and privacy rights, as well as between public interests and individual freedoms. The current regulatory system is in a dilemma due to legislative principle disconnections, fragmented technical standards, and regulatory lag. On the one hand, laws such as the Cybersecurity Law and the Personal Information Protection Law lack a unified framework for connection, leading to a competition of values such as security, efficiency, and fairness. The widespread application of biometric recognition technology is in direct conflict with the “minimum necessity principle.” On the other hand, the “industry-based fragmentation, regional differentiation, and static updating” of technical standards weaken the effectiveness of authentication. Emerging technologies such as blockchain and federated learning face a governance vacuum due to regulatory lag. Based on the dynamic balance theory, this paper proposes a collaborative governance framework of “risk adaptation-rights and responsibilities equilibrium-technology controllability” to reconstruct the underlying logic of network identity authentication legislation. Specifically, by reconciling value conflicts through a scenario-based grading authentication mechanism, differentiating high-sensitivity scenarios such as government affairs and finance from medium and low-risk scenarios such as social networking and e-commerce, and implementing differentiated authentication standards. The “government rule-making-platform technical trusteeship-user data sovereignty” trinity governance structure reshapes the allocation of rights and responsibilities, clarifying that the government leads the supply of basic services, platforms fulfill technical trusteeship obligations, and users exercise control over data flow. Relying on the dynamic migration mechanism of domestic cryptographic algorithms and distributed identity authentication technology, an encryption system resistant to quantum attacks and cross-domain mutual recognition agreements are constructed to balance digital sovereignty and global governance needs. At the same time, institutional improvement strategies emphasize shifting legislative principles from “security first” to dynamic balance, building a “three-tier risk classification” model, strengthening the full-cycle supervision of certification authorities, and unifying technical specifications through a “basic common standards + industry-specific standards” layered architecture. This approach breaks through the traditional “regulation-confrontation” logic, responds to technological challenges such as quantum hegemony and deep fakes with resilient rule of law, promotes the deep integration of technological governance and the rule of law civilization, and provides a Chinese paradigm for global cyberspace governance.

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The emergence of ride-hailing applications as an innovative mode of transportation has profoundly impacted people's commuting patterns. A mobile app offers a convenient, real-time booking service for taxis or private cars. Even within a very short time span, responses of nearby drivers can be provided to the user, and the waiting time can be substantially reduced, turning travel into a more efficient, time-saving, and comfortable experience. In the past few years, ride-hailing applications have become the most popular choice among travel modes. However, the reasons for using these apps extend beyond mere convenience and are related to the user's overall approval of the software. According to behavioral motivations, an individual's behavior in a specific environment is influenced by many variables.This paper aims to study the application of ride-hailing in China, focusing on the factors influencing the adoption of these services among young people in Chongqing. The study employs the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to analyze the adoption of ride-hailing applications, considering three key dimensions: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk.An extensive survey was conducted, inviting 391 respondents from Chongqing. The survey measured the hypotheses related to perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis.The results revealed significant associations between the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, and the adoption of ride-hailing applications among young people in Chongqing: 1)Perceived Usefulness: A strong positive correlation was found (p-value = 0.000, β-value = 0.180), indicating that users who perceive the apps as useful are more likely to adopt them. 2)Perceived Ease of Use: A significant positive relationship was observed (p-value = 0.001, β-value = 0.166), suggesting that an easy-to-use interface enhances user adoption. 3)Perceived Risk: A positive correlation was noted (p-value = 0.001, β-value = 0.166), indicating that while users are aware of potential risks, they still find the apps acceptable. Reducing perceived risk can further boost adoption rates.The findings provide significant insights for scholars, businesses, and policymakers. By confirming the roles of perceived usefulness, ease of use, and risk perception in technology adoption, this study enhances the understanding of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) within the transportation sector. For ride-hailing companies, the results offer actionable strategies to improve service reliability, user interfaces, and safety features, thereby enhancing user adoption and satisfaction. For policymakers, the study provides guidance on regulating and planning for sustainable ride-hailing services that align with broader goals of innovation and urban sustainability.

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This research constructs a performance evaluation system based on the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) for strategic performance management of catering enterprises, and conducts empirical validation focusing on a case analysis of Haidilao, a leading Chinese restaurant chain. Through a methodology combining literature review and case analysis, a BSC indicator system tailored to the characteristics of the catering industry was designed, and corporate data and survey results from Haidilao were analyzed. The findings demonstrate clear causal relationships between the four BSC perspectives (Learning & Growth, Internal Processes, Customer, and Financial) at Haidilao. In particular, the research confirmed a virtuous cycle where improvements in the Learning & Growth perspective lead to optimized Internal Processes, which enhance Customer satisfaction and ultimately result in improved Financial performance. The case analysis empirically verified that increased employee training hours, reduced turnover rates, and more innovation proposals contribute to shortened culinary development cycles and improved service response times, leading to higher customer satisfaction and repeat.

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The South Korea’s Indo-Pacific Strategy delineates three visions—freedom, peace, and prosperity—and three principles of cooperation—inclusiveness, trust, and reciprocity. It also outlines nine core lines of effort as its key implementation objectives. This signifies the inaugural occasion on which the South Korean government has independently developed a regional diplomatic and security strategy, embodying the fundamental principles of the Yoon administration's foreign and security policy. This study focuses on the China factor in South Korea's Indo-Pacific strategy, utilizing textual analysis and a level-of-analysis methodology to analyze the strategy's main content, the rationale for its shift in China policy, and its implications for bilateral relations. The findings indicate that the strategy emphasizes strengthening the ROK-U.S. alliance while methodically diminishing economic dependence on China. The research delineates three levels of drivers within the international system, the state and the individual. The Yoon administration's policy preference towards China has transitioned from "balancing" to "counterbalancing." As a result, ROK-China interactions in the political, security, economic, technological, and regional cooperation spheres within the Indo-Pacific currently demonstrate a competitive-cooperative duality, significantly influencing bilateral relations.

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