This paper studies John Lossing Buck’s process of making voyage to China, and activities at early stage and the period of Nanking University in China, who belongs to the Technical school among the agricultural economists. John L. Buck tried to suggest the solutions, such as ‘increasing productivity of agriculture via developing agricultural science’, ‘raising farm income throughout the rationalization of farm management’ and etc., to the problems of which Chinese agriculture had faced at that time, from the view points of Technical school who has focused on the agricultural production facts. For this, he did his best, as like establishment of Department of Agricultural Economics in Nanking University, large-scale farm survey, and compilation of textbooks and reference books etc. Though he had left behind result for the development of Chinese agriculture, but his thought was limited to oversimplifying the problems of Chinese in terms of ‘increasing income via improvement of production efficiency’. Therefore, his studies faced the criticism of Distributive school as Chen Hansheng etc. who had focused on the relations of production, distribution problems, and land revoluion. After building P. R. China, his researches couldn’t help being buried. However, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution had exposed the limitation of the Distributive school, and John L. Buck's viewpoint and research process began to make a mark again in terms of rediscovering the development process of agricultural economy in China. For identifying exactly the manifold problems of which China faces now, such as Three Rural issues, there should be well-balanced studied through various angles as Technicals, Reformists, Distributives, and etc. There are relatively shorts of studies about Technical school, especially John L. Buck, so that this study could be meaningful.
