The current administrative reconsideration procedures, as stipulated in the Administrative Reconsideration Law, exhibit administrative procedural characteristics. These are evident in the greater emphasis on efficiency in the administrative reconsideration trial, the granting of broader procedural discretion to the administrative reconsideration subject, and the respect for the administrative discretion of the administrative reconsideration subject. However, due to the nature of dispute adjudication, the focus on administrative efficiency in administrative reconsideration trial often hinders the rectification of administrative misconduct, the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the parties concerned, and the legislative goals of administrative internal supervision. This has resulted in several problems, including the overlap between the reconsideration subject and one of the parties concerned, excessive negligence of due process, the necessity to establish a coherence procedure with litigation, and the need to strengthen the professionalism of reconsideration organizations and personnel. Therefore, to align with the system goal of making administrative reconsideration as the main channel for the substantive settlement of administrative disputes, it is recommended to establish an administrative reconsideration department under the same level of government to centralize the management of administrative reconsideration cases, to formulate procedural rules for the quasi-judicialization of administrative reconsideration trials, to add organic coherence procedures with administrative litigation, and to formulate a special system for the selection and career development of administrative reconsideration commissioners, so as to complete the construction of the quasi-judicialization of administrative reconsideration trial procedures.

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Understanding the origins of China's legal culture and legal system is the basis for understanding the characteristics of Chinese law, and furthermore, it can serve as a background for research on the direction and diagnosis of social change in the field of law in Chinese society. Each country or community in the world is bound to have a different legal system or legal system due to its historical background and geographical differences. Sometimes the action of law affects other communities through political, military, or cultural action, but the creation of a single genealogy by the culture of the unique law and the elements of the counted law can be seen as an essential process for all communities. Each country or community will have its own principle of maintaining order, and key elements can become essential characteristics of its legal culture or legal system. China's traditional legal system has had a strong and international influence for a considerable amount of time in human history, and it has played a direct role in the formation of the legal system or culture of neighboring countries. China's traditional legal system or legal culture can be seen as one of the major legal systems before modern times, and it can be admitted that it played a significant role in the formation of the legal system and legal culture in terms of human history. The theory and distinction of establishing a Chinese legal system have been transplanted from the Soviet Union, and in theory, the economic characteristics of the sharing system and the political characteristics of the class struggle ideology have had a significant impact on or greatly restricted the pre-New China legal system, which was developed by counting continental legal elements. There has never been a definitive theory to explain which legal system China's legal system belongs to. This can be found in the fact that the Chinese legal system is a mixture of traditional Chinese law, continental law elements, and socialist law, and since the reform and opening in 1978, especially under the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the upheaval in the Eastern Bloc, China has advocated "construction of the socialist rule of law." However, in terms of content, it has absorbed a relatively large number of Western legal systems, accepted many basic systems of continental and Anglo-American legal systems in the field of 私, introduced principles such as "criminal court" and "open trial" in the field of criminal law, and adopted Western legal theories and systems such as establishing respective punishment regulations in the field of social law. China's legal system and the rule of law still have many tasks, but a full and gradual approach such as "function of law," "establishment of a legislative system," "improvement of legislative technology," "legal approach and research," and "realization of constitutional supervision" is needed.

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This study conducts an in-depth analysis of China's response strategy based on the semiconductor sanctions dilemma imposed by the United States on China. While the United States is strengthening sanctions to decouple from China in the advanced semiconductor field, it is also tolerating coupling with China in the general semiconductor market, fearing infringement on the interests of U.S. companies. This dilemma faced by the United States presents both opportunities and challenges for China. China perceives the U.S. tolerance for coupling as an opportunity and is reinforcing the development of the general semiconductor industry. China's promotion of the general semiconductor industry, which is larger in scale than advanced semiconductors, can contribute to China gaining an advantage in the general semiconductor market. Simultaneously, it provides an opportunity to leverage outdated semiconductor technology, for the development of advanced performance semiconductors. In the short term, China employs a bypass strategy actively utilizing outdated technology for semiconductor industry self-sufficiency. Concurrently, China is responding to U.S. high tech restrictions by pursuing a medium-to-long-term strategy involving talent development and the development of third-generation semiconductors. The U.S. focus on decoupling from Chinese semiconductors aligns with advanced technologies, shaping its response accordingly. The U.S. strategy, driven by security concerns originating from China and the values of alliances, aims to reshape the global supply chain in the semiconductor industry. This has led to diverse analyses connected to international political theories such as power politics, diplomatic security, and more. However, this framework makes it challenging to explain the U.S. dilemma of allowing coupling with China in outdated semiconductor technology to benefit the interests of the U.S. semiconductor industry. The U.S. semiconductor containment against China appears to be more a part of a significant industrial policy for fostering the semiconductor industry than a practical outcome of U.S. diplomatic and security strategies. This U.S. approach and China's response provide three implications for the development direction of the South Korean semiconductor industry: expanding South Korean companies' general semiconductor business in China, maintaining relationships that can collaborate on the establishment of third-generation semiconductor standards expected to be widely adopted in China, especially in power semiconductors, and strengthening semiconductor talent collaboration between South Korea and both the United States and China.

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Due to climate change and increased energy demand, hydrogen energy is attracting international attention as a low-carbon solution. Korea and China, one of the key countries in the Asian energy market, are actively promoting the development of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle(HFCV) industry, providing new opportunities for the growth prospects of hydrogen energy in the world and Asia. Therefore, this study analyzed in-depth by subdividing the HFCV industries of Korea and China into upstream, midstream, and downstream industries and compared and analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of both countries. Through a comparative analysis of the Korea-China HFCV industry, the possibility of cooperation between the two countries was presented. Meanwhile, Korea and China confirmed that there are some differences in terms of market size, hydrogen charging infrastructure, and technology. While Korea has a competitive advantage in technological innovation, China has a comparative advantage in market size and abundant resources. These differences provide an opportunity for cooperation between Korea and China. In response, this paper proposed cooperation measures to support the development of the HFCV industry, including joint investment in hydrogen fuel cell suppliers to establish a technology research institute for HFCV, establish related supply chain partnerships, and promote mutual development and production. This is expected to contribute positively to global hydrogen energy applications, such as accelerating the development of the HFCV technology, improving the utilization of sustainable renewable energy, and promoting carbon neutrality by reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.

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본 연구는 연예인 콘서트와 관광 의사에 관한 교차 연구로, TFBOYS의 시안 콘서트가 관광객의 관광 의사에 미치는 영향 요인을 분석하였다. 연예인의 콘서트는 일종의 중요한 문화 및 오락 활동으로서 관광 산업에 미치는 영향도 점차 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 하지만 기존 연구에서는 연예인 콘서트와 관광객의 관광 의사 사이의 복잡한 관계는 밝혀내지 못했다. 본 연구는 이러한 연구의 한계를 보완하기 위해 관광객의 콘서트 참여도, 관광객 만족도, 관광지 이미지 등의 요인이 관광객의 관광 의사에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 연구하 였다. 본 연구에서는 388명의 관광객을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 또 구조방정식 모델을 이용하여 구축한 모델로 실증연구를 진행하였다. 연구결과, 관광객의 콘서트 참여도와 관광객 만족도 사이에는 정적 상관관계가 있었고 모두 관광지 이미지에 현저한 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 또 관광객 만족도는 관광 의사에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으며 이는 전통적인 관광 만족도-충성모델과는 반대된 양상을 보였다. 본 연구는 또 관광객의 관광 의사를 형성하는 데 있어 관광객 참여도와 관광객 이미지가 핵심적인 역할을 한다고 보고 있다. 본 연구는 연예인 콘서트가 관광객의 관광 의사에 미치는 영향 요인을 이해하는 데 새로운 시각과 심층적인 분석을 제공할 뿐만 아니라 콘서트 주최자와 도시 관리자에게 실용적인 전략과 제안을 제공함으로써 연예인 콘서트의 문화적, 경제적 가치를 극대화하 는 데 도움이 될 것으로 예상된다.

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In modern times, Leo Strauss in Germany and John Rawls in the United States are the representative thinkers who have proposed in-depth understanding of the concept of “political philosophy”. The former strove to answer the question of what political philosophy is in his book What is Political Philosophy, and the latter John Rawls tried to answer it in his series of works represented by A Theory of Justice. In recent years, the discussion on political philosophy has gained increasing attention in China, and the question of what political philosophy is has become a pre-issue that the Chinese academic circles have to think about. In view of this awareness, the paper points out that the current discussion of political philosophy in Chinese academic circles mainly focuses on three dimensions of politics, philosophy, and ethics. In order to figure out the Chinese answer to what political philosophy is, this paper compares and discriminates the claims and viewpoints of some representative scholars in view of the specific situation of Chinese scholars using the concept of political philosophy with the ideas of “discrimination” and “analysis”-- the idea of concept backcomb and difference analysis, and then discusses the sources of their theories, so as to clarify the Chinese scholars’ respective orientation when they expound political philosophy issues.

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Since the reform and opening up, the gap between urban and rural education inequality has gradually widened.The education gap between urban and rural labor force as a whole hinders the progress of urban-rural integration.However, educational opportunities are only a description of the educational situation of a generation. In the event of unequal educational opportunities, parents' unequal educational opportunities translate into equal educational opportunities for their children, Therefore, from the perspective of intergenerational transmission of education to examine educational inequality, it provides a model for the analysis of urban and rural educational differences.This paper collects original data in the form of semi-structured interviews, uses grounded theory to analyze urban and rural families in Northwest China, and constructs an urban-rural differentiation influencing factor model of intergenerational education transmission. The research has found that policy guidance is the moderating factor for the urban-rural differences in the intergenerational education transmission. This moderating role guides the formation of family and school education concepts, resulting in the external field of urban-rural differences in the intergenerational education transmission of home-school co-education , family human capital intergenerational transmission of cultural support for urban-rural differentiation, and the education of family emotional value to transmit the psychological cognition of urban and rural differences between generations. Ultimately, it promotes the formation of embodied cognition among individuals, which is the internal driving force for the intergenerational transmission of urban-rural differences in education. On this basis, it puts forward targeted countermeasures to solve the differences in the intergenerational transmission of education between urban and rural areas in China. The research conclusion deepens the understanding of the factors of urban-rural differences in intergenerational transmission of education, and provides a plan for achieving educational equity in China．

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This study examines the development trends of the design discipline in China based on an analysis of the CNKI master's thesis database from 2001 to 2023. The research reveals the main characteristics and trends of design master's theses in various types of Chinese universities, as well as the influence of national policies on research. The findings indicate that the selected topics of design master's theses reflect the developmental trajectory of the discipline, with phases of expansion and stable development. Different types of universities focus on different research directions, with comprehensive universities and science-technologyoriented institutions emphasizing applied design, while art institutions prioritize artistic creation. The study also highlights how national development strategies impact research topic selection for design master's theses, particularly in areas such as cultural creative design and regional revitalization. Additionally, it observes a trend towards collaborative development within disciplinary clusters rather than single disciplines. The "Four New" initiatives (new engineering disciplines, new humanities disciplines, new medical disciplines, and new agricultural sciences) are mentioned for their influence on the field. Ultimately, this study emphasizes that China's design discipline needs to transcend traditional paradigms rooted in fine arts education and enhance its capacity for interdisciplinary integration to adapt to societal changes and meet national policy requirements. The insights and recommendations provided by this study serve as valuable reference material for related fields and policy-making.

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In modern maritime trade and international shipping practice, carriers and shippers, as parties to the contract of carriage, are seldom able to complete all aspects of the carriage themselves. Considering the segmentation of port operations and cost saving, the operation of goods in port in maritime transport is usually completed by the port operator. However, when the loss, damage or delay in delivery of the goods is caused by the port operator, the question arises as to how to determine its liability and whether it can invoke the carrier's defences or limitation of liability clauses. There has been a legislative gap in China's provisions on port operators since the repeal of a number of ineffective Departmental Regulations in 2016. When adjudicating, Chinese courts frequently are required to first determine the legal status of the port operator, i.e., whether it can bridge over to the carrier and apply the provisions of China's Maritime Law on the limitation of liability of the carrier. This not only caused great uncertainty in adjudication, but also had respective problems in theory. The legal status of port operators in Chinese legislation has evolved over time, with a general trend towards accepting their independent civil subject status, but because of the current legislative gaps, there are many different academic and judicial viewpoints on this issue. This article examines the evolution of Chinese legislation, the results of court decisions and the latest theoretical views of Chinese academics with regard to the legal status of port operators in China, and reveals the necessity of research on the legal status of port operators under Chinese law and the possibility of a solution. In addition, 2020 China's Maritime Law (Draft for Examination) was published, which provides a definition of port operator and specifies that the carrier's defences and limitation of liability can be invoked. However, the legal status of the port operator and the manner of division of liability with the carrier were not specified; thus a theoretical foundation and legal clarity in the application of the law is lacking regarding the assumption of liability by the port operator. We should take this opportunity to clarify the legal status of port operators as "Contractual Assistants of the Carrier" and to supplement and improve the relevant provisions of the Maritime Law (Draft for Examination) accordingly.

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