Artificial intelligence and big data have been applied in education through various technologies, and are gradually changing the teaching methods of teachers, the learning modes of students, and the operation of schools. This will inevitably exert an important impact on school management and leadership. This study aims to explore the influence of university leaders’ digital leadership on teachers’ innovative behavior under the background of reforms in the digital era. Focusing on the mediating roles of job crafting and creative self-efficacy, this paper analyzes how digital leadership affects teachers’ innovative behavior through the two variables. Based on social cognitive theory, this study takes digital leadership as the independent variable, and job crafting and creative self-efficacy as mediating variables, to construct a theoretical framework for analyzing its impact on teachers’ innovative behavior. This study attempts to reveal the internal mechanism of digital leadership influencing teachers’ innovative behavior in the era of educational digital transformation, so as to enrich empirical research related to teachers’ innovative behavior and provide implications for policy formulation and practical application. To achieve the above research objectives, this study focuses on the following four questions:First, what is the current situation of digital leadership, teachers’ job crafting, creative self-efficacy and innovative behavior in Chinese universities? Second, what is the relationship between digital leadership and teachers’ job crafting, creative self-efficacy and innovative behavior in Chinese universities?Third, how do digital leadership, teachers’ job crafting and creative self-efficacy affect innovative behavior in Chinese universities?Fourth, do job crafting and creative self-efficacy play mediating roles in the relationship between digital leadership and teachers’ innovative behavior in Chinese universities? In order to achieve the research objectives, this study established a research model by sorting out existing literature and conducted a questionnaire survey. Firstly, the questionnaire was compiled, and a pre-test was carried out to ensure the validity and reliability of the scale. The formal survey lasted four weeks. A total of 700 questionnaires were distributed to in-service teachers in universities in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province and Liaoning Province, and 673 questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 96.14%. After excluding 15 invalid questionnaires, 658 valid questionnaires were finally used for analysis. SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 29.0 software were used to conduct statistical analysis on the collected data and test the research hypotheses. The results are as follows:First, digital leadership in Chinese universities has a significant positive impact on teachers’ innovative behavior. That is, the higher the level of digital leadership, the more innovative behaviors teachers exhibit.Second, digital leadership in Chinese universities has a significant positive impact on teachers’ job crafting. That is, digital leadership can promote teachers’ job crafting behavior.Third, teachers’ job crafting has a positive impact on innovative behavior. That is, the more job crafting behaviors teachers exhibit, the more innovative behaviors they exhibit.Fourth, teachers’ job crafting plays a mediating role in the relationship between digital leadership and innovative behavior.Fifth, digital leadership has a positive impact on teachers’ creative self-efficacy. That is, the higher the level of digital leadership, the stronger teachers’ creative self-efficacy.Sixth, teachers’ creative self-efficacy has a positive impact on innovative behavior. That is, the stronger the creative self-efficacy, the more innovative behaviors teachers exhibit.Seventh, teachers’ creative self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between digital leadership and innovative behavior.

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The Jia Ying Guan Imperial Stele is an imperial inscription commissioned by the Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing dynasty to commemorate the regulation of the Yellow River and the construction of Jia Ying Guan. Made with a bronze surface over an iron core, the stele embodies historical, calligraphic, artistic, and political value. Using this stele as a case study, this article combines textual research with object-based analysis to examine the symbiotic relationship between Yongzheng’s philosophy of governance and his calligraphic art. It reveals how he employed calligraphy to convey moral and political ideals and used art to support governance and public instruction. The inscription records the Yellow River floods and the hardships of river regulation. In calligraphy, Yongzheng drew on the model-book tradition of Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, and Dong Qichang, forming an imperial style marked by both archaic elegance and strict formal discipline. In political thought, the stele reflects his core principles of people-oriented governance, reverence for divine power, diligence in serving the people, and consolidation of imperial authority. In craftsmanship, its composite casting technique of an iron core and bronze surface demonstrates Qing ingenuity in structural stability, corrosion resistance, fine carving, and water-level monitoring. This study highlights the stele’s multiple values and offers a new perspective on the integration of Yongzheng’s river management, calligraphic art, and political thought.

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With the continuous expansion of online transaction scale, "online disputes, online resolution" has become an important issue in digital governance. The online dispute resolution (ODR) of Chinese e-commerce platforms has unique advantages in diverting litigation and reducing the cost of rights protection. However, it emphasizes rapid dispute resolution and platform autonomy, and there are structural bottlenecks such as "having mechanisms but lacking rules" and "having processing but weak enforcement". Meanwhile, judicial confirmation carries the institutional expectations of procedural legitimacy and finality of judgment. The effective connection between the ODR of e-commerce platforms and the judicial confirmation system is a key link in building a multi-level, integrated and collaborative dispute resolution system. However, the current connection between the two faces deep tensions between "efficiency priority" and "procedural guarantee", as well as "private entities" and "public power". Therefore, this paper takes the "structural coupling" under the perspective of systems theory as the analytical framework. Based on the review of the operation logic of the ODR of e-commerce platforms and the functions of the judicial confirmation system, and with the theory of procedural justice as the premise, starting from the normative analysis of platform rules and the practice of online judicial confirmation, it reveals the interaction mechanism between the ODR of e-commerce platforms and judicial confirmation, and points out the connection difficulties such as the lack of operation mechanism and the limited effectiveness of the results of the ODR of e-commerce platforms. Thus, it clarifies the normative logic of the connection mechanism and proposes a systematic improvement and optimization plan for the connection of the two based on the interaction mode between the autonomous system and the judicial system, the bottom-line requirements of procedural justice, and the normative logic of the connection mechanism itself, in order to achieve the systematic integration and efficiency improvement of the multi-level dispute resolution mechanism.

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Against the backdrop of the evolving wave of deglobalization, enterprises urgently need to leverage artificial intelligence technologies to reshape their competitive advantages and improve their green governance capabilities to adapt to the new development paradigm and international competition. Based on the STST theoretical framework, this paper takes Chinese A-share listed companies from 2018 to 2022 as research samples, and empirically examines the impact of artificial intelligence vision and artificial intelligence technology on Chinese corporate green governance performance from these two dimensions. The results show that artificial intelligence vision can significantly improve corporate green governance performance, while the direct impact of artificial intelligence technology is not significant. Mechanism tests indicate that artificial intelligence vision can positively promote green governance performance by enhancing corporate green technological innovation and green management innovation. The conclusions of this study not only provide empirical evidence for enterprises to formulate green strategic decisions in global competition, but also offer important policy implications for China to seize opportunities in global industrial transformation and achieve sustainable economic development.

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This study empirically examines the causal effects of U.S. semiconductor export controls imposed on China on October 7, 2022, focusing on their impact on China’s technological innovation. Treating the export controls as an exogenous policy shock, the study employs a Difference-in-Differences (DID) framework combined with a dynamic event-study approach using monthly panel data from January 2020 to December 2023. China is defined as the treatment group, while South Korea and Taiwan serve as control groups. R&D investment is used as an input indicator of innovation, and semiconductor-related patent applications are used as an output indicator. The empirical results reveal that, following the sanctions, China’s semiconductor R&D investment increased by approximately 34.7% relative to the control group, while patent applications rose by about 24.5%. These findings contradict the predictions of traditional sanctions theory, which assumes that technology restrictions suppress innovation, and instead suggest a paradoxical effect whereby sanctions stimulate innovative activity. Mediation analysis further shows that approximately 33.3% of the total increase in patent output is explained by increased R&D investment, while the remaining 66.7% arises from direct channels such as the concentration of existing research capabilities and improvements in research efficiency. Dynamic analysis indicates a short-term contraction immediately after the sanctions, followed by a rapid rebound around six months later and subsequent stabilization at a higher level. By adopting a dynamic and system-oriented perspective, this study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that technology sanctions may induce adaptive responses within national innovation systems rather than simply restraining technological progress. The findings offer important implications for the design and evaluation of technology sanctions in the context of intensifying global technological competition.

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This paper studied whether it is desirable for Korean insurance companies to cooperate with local partners in the Chinese insurance market and with which partners it is appropriate to cooperate. According to the results of the management performance of Korean insurance companies in China, the joint venture corporation showed better management performance than the Korean independent corporation. This can be attributed to the synergy effect by combining licenses and sales networks of local Chinese insurance companies, and insurance products and management know-how of Korean insurance companies. In addition, not all joint venture insurance companies perform well, and synergy effects are generated when cooperating with partners closely related to insurance. In the offline insurance market, cooperation with large banks is advantageous for selling insurance products, considering that banks account for a large proportion of insurance product sales. In addition, as online insurance is growing rapidly, cooperation with partners with strengths in online insurance such as Tencent is also showing good results. Of course, it can be said that the fact that Korean insurance companies cooperate with local partners in China reduces their stake and voting rights is a disadvantage. Nevertheless, it is an inevitable choice to take advantage of the strengths of the Chinese partner. In particular, insurance companies that purchase minority shares need to convey their Korean intentions by sending directors to the board of directors as strategic investors.

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This study analyzed how the division of labor between South Korea and China has evolved from 2010 to 2023. In particular, the analysis compared the periods before and after 2017, the year when the US-China strategic competition was in full swing, to examine the impact of this conflict on industrial production and trade between South Korea and China. The empirical analysis was conducted using input coefficients from the international input-output model and the Leontief inverse matrix multiplier. The analysis results confirmed that, first, the close division of labor between South Korea and China has remained largely unchanged amid the US-China strategic competition. However, since 2017, different aspects have been observed before and after. It is noteworthy that South Korea's dependence on China declined starting in 2018 but has been rising since 2021, while China's dependence on South Korea showed a temporary increase in 2018 but has been declining significantly since 2019. Second, these changes indicate that the division of labor between the two countries is shifting from China's one-way dependence on Korea in the past to a two-way dependence relationship. This could lead to a decline in trade between South Korea and China and to a widening trade deficit, as South Korea's dependence on China deepens. Therefore, careful review and countermeasures are necessary. Third, Korea's dependence on China is more than 10 times that of China's on Korea, and it is judged that various policy measures are needed to improve this imbalance.

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This study systematically analyzes the competitive factors of China's live commerce industry and proposes effective entry strategies for Korean companies. The findings indicate that China's live commerce market reached 4.9 trillion yuan in 2023, with 597 million users accounting for 54.7% of total internet users, establishing itself as a mainstream consumption model. The competitiveness of China's live commerce industry is formed through an interconnected structure of three elements: the combination of massive demand base and industrial ecosystem scalability, operational efficiency through technology and data, and trust building based on standardization and governance. Meanwhile, Korean companies face institutional, operational, and cultural barriers, and to overcome these challenges, strategic platform selection and entry methods, localization strategies and content differentiation, and optimization of supply chain and logistics systems are essential. Policy implications suggest that Korean companies need to deeply understand China's industrial characteristics and consumer behavior patterns, focusing on long-term brand trust building and localization rather than short-term performance. Furthermore, follow-up research is needed to develop concrete policy response measures based on continuous monitoring of regulatory changes and platform ecosystem evolution in China's live commerce market, along with empirical performance analysis.

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Against the backdrop of China's continuous “dual-carbon” strategy and strengthened high-quality development requirements, cities are actively exploring synergistic paths for economic growth and carbon reduction. With deepening global economic integration and increasing transnational capital flows, foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a critical role in promoting economic growth, driving technological progress, and optimizing resource allocation. Accelerating industrialization and urbanization have intensified carbon emission problems, forcing cities to navigate multiple pressures including growth transformation, industrial upgrading, and low-carbon development. This study constructs a comprehensive analytical framework employing multiple linear regression, panel data analysis, and case studies to systematically examine the interrelationships among FDI, industrial structure upgrading, and carbon emissions. The findings demonstrate that: FDI significantly promotes urban industrial optimization with stronger effects in economically developed cities; FDI reduces urban carbon emissions through industrial upgrading pathways; and industrial structure optimization plays a positive role in carbon emission control, with differential impacts across cities at varying development stages.This research provides empirical insights and policy guidance for urban green and low-carbon transformation while offering theoretical support and practical pathways for achieving economic development and ecological environment coordination.

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