This study analyzes data from A‑share listed companies from 2018 to 2022 to examine the impact of female directors on ESG performance. The main findings are as follows. Female directors were found to have a positive effect on overall ESG as well as on each of the E, S, and G components, indicating that a higher proportion of female directors is associated with better ESG performance. The positive influence of female directors on E (environmental) performance is attributed to their greater attention to energy consumption, emissions, and waste recycling, which encourages firms to adopt more environmentally friendly practices and enhance their green image. Furthermore, female directors’ affinity and empathy help create a positive working atmosphere, encourage cooperation among colleagues, and foster relationship management, thereby contributing positively to S (social) performance. Female directors also positively influence G (governance) performance, as they tend to prefer reducing or avoiding management risks and provide diverse perspectives and opinions, which help improve the quality of board decision‑making. Although the number of female directors is on the rise, the proportion of female directors in Chinese companies remains relatively low. Therefore, both governments and companies should strengthen institutional and policy support to expand opportunities for women to join corporate boards.

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Taking the Zhengzhou section in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River as a case study, this paper first clarifies the theoretical definitions of integrated governance and high-quality development, and establishes the dual research themes of ecological integrated governance and high-quality development. Through a literature review, it evaluates the current research status of ecological governance in the Yellow River Basin. Combined with the inherent characteristics of the Yellow River's Zhengzhou section and the main problems existing in different historical periods, it summarizes the representative measures in the three stages of "governance stage, restoration stage, and construction stage", and systematically sorts out the governance strategies, engineering measures, and ecological effects of each period. By the "construction stage", the coordinated governance of the lower reaches has gradually achieved results, but the complexity of ecological issues cannot be resolved overnight. In 2019, the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin was elevated to a national strategy. As the core concept of China's new stage of development, the theoretical definition of high-quality development has been continuously deepened in practice. Although China has moved from initial exploration to a period of systematic deepening under the new situation, there are still inadequacies in research fields, and studies on promoting large-scale river basin ecological governance through multi-disciplinary and multi-field efforts remain limited. Therefore, this paper proposes that conducting ecological governance of the Yellow River based on the concept of integration constitutes an effective path for the current construction of ecological civilization in the Yellow River Basin. Secondly, by means of illustration and inductive summary, and in combination with the downstream ecological governance measures outlined in the Outline of the Plan for Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin, this paper analyzes the main tasks of Zhengzhou in the current "construction stage": the construction of the Zhengzhou Demonstration Zone for Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Yellow River Basin, and the establishment of a collaborative development mechanism for urban agglomerations along the Yellow River. Based on the above analysis, specific ecological governance planning measures are put forward: the integrated construction of ecological corridors, the collaborative ecological governance of the Yellow River floodplains, and the integrated ecological restoration of the Yellow River floodplains. Finally, from the perspective of integrated thinking, it can be observed that the current ecological governance has evolved from a single project to a multi-dimensional comprehensive governance system. However, the core ecological issues of the Yellow River, such as challenges like high ecological vulnerability and resource constraints, remain unchanged. Therefore, this paper argues that the construction of an integrated ecological governance framework for the Yellow River needs to be considered in a coordinated manner from five dimensions: ecological space from the perspective of the entire river basin; ecological elements including mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and deserts; restoration strategies that generate value transformation through the coupling of regional culture and ecological civilization; diversified collaborative mechanisms involving government coordination, corporate responsibility fulfillment, and public supervision; and cross-platform and multi-disciplinary collaborative research. Meanwhile, it summarizes the contradictory issues in the current ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin and elaborates on relevant reflections, aiming to guide the realization of high-level governance along the Yellow River.

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Modern Chinese ink painting has undergone significant transformations and.has presented an artistic appearance of diversified development. However, due to shifts in China’s governmental cultural and artistic policies, a trend toward homogenization began to emerge after 2013. This development reveals a fundamental problem of delayed or insufficient expression inherent within modern Chinese ink painting itself. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate this issue from the perspective of formal and ideological reconstruction. By employing comparative analysis and visual analysis methodologies, the study systematically examines the creative concepts and internal structural elements of representative modern ink artists active between 1985 and 2013. It endeavors to explore the practical logic behind the reconstruction of form and ideology in modern Chinese ink painting and to re-evaluate its developmental concepts in the context of a pluralistic cultural environment.

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This study evaluates the effectiveness of China’s Green Finance Reform Pilot Zones (GFRPZ) in promoting firm-level green innovation, with an emphasis on heterogeneous impacts shaped by firms’ financial structures and institutional environments. Utilizing a difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) framework embedded in a random-effects panel Tobit model, we analyze a panel dataset comprising 4,477 A-share listed firms from 2011 to 2022. The empirical findings reveal that, at the full-sample level, the GFRPZ policy does not significantly enhance green innovation. However, once financial heterogeneity is considered, the policy exhibits significantly positive effects among firms with higher external financing dependence. The coefficient on the triple interaction term (Treat × Post × HighFinD) remains robust across multiple specifications, highlighting that alleviating financial frictions is crucial to policy effectiveness. The heterogeneity analysis further reveals that the reform exerts a stronger effect in state-owned enterprises, non-high-polluting firms, and those located in central and western regions—suggesting that institutional proximity, operational flexibility, and regional financial infrastructure jointly shape firm responsiveness. Robustness checks, including placebo and dynamic event-study analyses, reinforce the validity of the findings. These results suggest that green finance reforms should be differentiated according to firm-level financing constraints and regional development levels. Policies that expand access to green credit, improve capital allocation efficiency, and target financially constrained firms can generate more inclusive and impactful outcomes in driving the green transition.

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In the realm of civil litigation, facts requiring proof refer to those relevant to the civil case, primarily encompassing substantive legal facts and procedural legal facts. The latter pertains to facts that trigger the creation, modification, or termination of legal relationships in civil litigation, i.e., procedural facts under litigation law. Although distinct from primary facts directly affecting parties' substantive rights and obligations, procedural facts may indirectly influence the adjudication of substantive issues. Facts related to belated evidence submission fall within the category of procedural facts. The assertion and proof of such facts determine whether belated evidence submission can be recognized and whether delayed evidence may be admitted for case adjudication. In civil law jurisdictions, the standard of proof for substantive legal facts generally requires a “high probability” threshold, while specific procedural matters adopt a “preponderance of probability” standard, as explicitly prescribed in civil procedure laws and related statutes. In Chinese judicial practice concerning the determination and proof of belated evidence submission, issues persist, including courts' ambiguities in understanding the nature and constitutive elements of belated evidence submission, insufficient explanations to parties regarding the consequences of delayed evidence submission, neglect of objections raised by opposing parties, and erroneous allocation of the burden of proof to objectors. To address these challenges, it is imperative to systematically clarify and define the nature and constitutive elements of belated evidence submission, and rigorously uphold the principle of good faith. These measures will effectively regulate untimely evidence submission, advance the substantive adjudication of cases, enhance litigation efficiency, ensure procedural justice, and thereby safeguard parties' procedural rights and interests.

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The accelerating demands of global climate governance have positioned green subsidies as indispensable instruments for attaining the Paris Agreement's emission reduction targets. However, the current lack of specific WTO provisions addressing climate-related subsidies continues to generate persistent trade conflicts among major economic powers. Against the backdrop of regulatory challenges in WTO law regarding green subsidies, the European Union(EU) has adopted unilateral regulatory measures by loosening restrictions on state aid rules and broadening exemptions for member states' green subsidies under the pretext of fulfilling Paris Agreement commitments, while simultaneously subjecting third-country enterprises - especially targeting China's renewable energy industry - to rigorous scrutiny through its Foreign Subsidies Regulation without granting equivalent environmental exemption entitlements. This regulatory approach has raised concerns regarding WTO non-discrimination compliance, exacerbated Sino-EU trade frictions, and could potentially impair global climate cooperation. To effectively address the challenges posed by the EU's dichotomous regulatory approach, China should adopt an integrated strategy. First, at the multilateral level, China should actively participate in WTO reform discussions to promote progressive rule-making that better accommodates climate-friendly subsidies. Second, through bilateral engagement, China should establish specialized consultation mechanisms with the EU to resolve disputes while seeking common ground on green subsidy policies. Third, China needs to refine its green subsidy framework by enhancing transparency and developing objective evaluation criteria. These coordinated measures would not only help mitigate current trade tensions but also contribute to developing an international consensus on green subsidies that reconciles environmental protection with fair trade practices in the global low-carbon transition.

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The purpose of this research report has been to explore the current and also the potential impacts, which the components and the policies under the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan have had on the economic growth of China. The emphasis will be on both current and potential impacts, given that the tenure of this five-year plan is from 2021 to 2025. On the other hand, there have also been substantial investments in innovations like Artificial Intelligence in the concerned country, as a part of the current growth policies, and the report has also tried to analyze the impacts of these investments on the economic growth of China. The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan has been developed and implemented in China from 2021, with the primary intention of revival of the country’s economy from the COVID-19 pandemic shocks and the adverse impacts of the US-China Trade War, and bringing the country on the path of sustained growth fuelled by technological innovations, expansion of healthcare and also sustainable practices in different aspects of the lives of its population. The findings of the study show positive and significant impacts of AI-related investments and export-related growth strategy, under the ongoing five-year plan on the economic growth of China. The forecasted government expenditure during the rest of the tenure of this Fourteenth Five-Year Plan is also expected to significantly benefit the economic growth in terms of GDP growth in the concerned country. Based on the analysis, relevant and targeted recommendations for more effective policy development in this domain have also been developed in this research article.

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Amid accelerating globalization and regional economic transformation, the mobility of highly skilled talents has emerged as a key factor in regional innovation capacity and sustainable growth. This study aims to examine the effects of the entrepreneurial environment (market, resources, and institutional norms) and innovative decision-making on mobility intention among college students in Liaoning Province, China, and to empirically analyze the mediating role of decision logic. This research addresses the theoretical gap in previous studies, which have not sufficiently explained the relationship between entrepreneurial environment and mobility intention, and highlights the need for specialized insights tailored to the Chinese regional college student population. Analysis using structural equation modeling and bootstrap techniques revealed that all three components of the entrepreneurial environment exert a significant positive influence on decision logic, and that decision logic plays an important mediating role in mobility intention. Notably, innovative decision-making was identified as the variable with the most substantial direct impact on mobility intention. This study provides practical evidence for developing regional entrepreneurial ecosystems and entrepreneurship education policies and holds academic and practical value by deepening the theoretical understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying students’ mobility intentions.

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This study aims to analyze the point of convergence between the multicultural politics promoted by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the Indigenous name rectification movement initiated by Taiwan’s Indigenous peoples, and to examine how these two movements became interconnected. Taiwan’s multicultural politics began to take shape as the suppressed demands for the rights of various ethnic groups came to the forefront with the advancement of democratization. This became a key moment where the Democratic Progressive Party’s movement for Taiwan’s identity-building and the indigenous people’s efforts to restore their collective identity intersected. Particularly, the indigenous people sought to reclaim their language, history, and cultural identity, and to recover the rights that had long been oppressed. This journey began with educational and cultural movements, gradually progressing to demands for political representation, autonomy, land rights, and other tangible rights. Within this context, the DPP’s movement for Taiwan’s identity, which rejected the naming conventions imposed by the Other, evolved into a political project that went beyond mere changes in nomenclature. It became a resistance against the linguistic order produced by state power and an effort to reconstruct national identity through the name “Taiwan”. The indigenous people’s movement for renaming also originated from a critique of the othering labels such as “mountain compatriots” or “mountain people” under the Kuomintang regime, and it evolved into a struggle for the establishment of an autonomous self-identity. This study aims to demonstrate that the indigenous renaming movement is closely linked not only to cultural preservation or the recovery of ethnic rights, but also to the new national identity and political legitimacy pursued by the DPP. Through this, the study seeks to examine the implications of Taiwan’s multicultural politics and the restoration of identity in the post-colonial era from an East Asian perspective.

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