The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) constitutes the core arena of elite politics in China. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, ethnic minority political elites have consistently accounted for approximately ten percent of its membership. This study analyzes 68 ethnic minority elites who were elected as full or alternate members of the CCP Central Committee from the 8th to the 12th Party Congresses. Employing a two-dimensional analytical framework that integrates career-based typologies with ethnic representativeness-based typologies, the study examines longitudinal changes in the composition and dominant patterns of ethnic minority political elites. The analysis is based on qualitative examinations of each elite’s educational background, field of study, career trajectory, place of origin, and administrative postings. Primary sources include The Biographical Dictionary of Past CCP Central Committee Members, the Eurasian Elite Library Chinese Elite Database, and Baidu Baike. During the 8th Central Committee, ethnic policy-oriented and mainstream integration types were balanced. From the 9th onward, however, ethnic policy-oriented cadres became dominant and remained so through the 12th, emerging as the primary type among ethnic minority elites. This persistence, despite socio-political changes, reflects the interaction between institutional arrangements and a governing logic that emphasizes political reliability among minority elites.

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Rare earth elements(REEs) are a group of 17 elements essential for applications such as permanent magnets and lasers. In the 20th century, they were regarded as critical materials for the defense industry, and in the 21st century, with the advancement of the IT industry, they have become indispensable for semiconductor manufacturing and strategic resources. As the country with the largest rare earth reserves, China has adjusted its industry and export policies over the past four decades in response to changes in domestic and global trade environments, emerging as the world’s largest producer. It has established the world’s only fully integrated rare earth industrial chain, though this has also resulted in environmental degradation and excessive energy consumption. In response, the State Council of China promulgated the “Rare Earth Management Regulations” in June 2024, marking a shift from industrial promotion to regulation and control. Based on an analysis of these Regulations, China’s current and future rare earth strategies can be summarized as follows. First, an oligopolistic structure centered on two major groups is expected to strengthen state control over industrial and supply chains. Second, support for industrial advancement and smartization will expand, with increased R&D driving a shift in exports from raw materials to magnets, materials, and high-tech components. Third, the development of high-purity recovery systems through urban mining will promote resource circulation. Fourth, controls over heavy rare earth mining and critical mineral exports will be further strengthened under the rationale of protecting strategic resources. Fifth, environmental regulations will become more stringent, with mandatory compliance and strengthened penalties.

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This study examines how ownership type and institutional origin shape differential compliance patterns in the process through which ESG norms—now central to global capital markets—are transplanted into China’s capital market. We focus specifically on firms listed on China’s A-share market that are controlled by capital from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan (hereafter HMT firms), which share cultural affinity with mainland China yet carry an institutional exteriority, as they developed outside the Party-state system. Drawing on neo-institutional theory of isomorphism, we hypothesize that HMT firms engage in ‘selective institutionalization’ rather than uniform compliance, exhibiting systematically differentiated responses across the three ESG sub-dimensions (E, S, and G). We test this framework using a panel dataset of Chinese A-share listed firms spanning 2013 to 2023, employing Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). The empirical results yield three principal findings. First, HMT firms show no statistically significant difference from domestic private firms in environmental (E) performance, indicating that state-mandated coercive isomorphism enforces homogeneous regulatory compliance irrespective of ownership type. Second, HMT firms exhibit significantly lower social (S) performance relative to private firms, reflecting a structural deficit in the institutional resources necessary to respond to normative isomorphism that is deeply embedded in mainland-specific informal networks (guanxi) and local government—firm interactions. Third, HMT firms demonstrate a pronounced advantage in governance (G) performance, a result consistent with the path-dependent transfer of shareholder protection norms and board independence standards internalized under advanced common-law systems, which align closely with the trajectory of China’s ongoing governance reforms. This study contributes to the literature by systematically identifying the institutional duality of overseas Chinese capital—previously treated as a subcategory of foreign investment or reduced to a control variable—as an independent unit of analysis, and by demonstrating that distinct institutional logics and compliance patterns operate across ESG sub-dimensions beyond what aggregate ESG scores can reveal.

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This study presents a systematic and quantitative analysis of China’s engagement with the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) from its accession in 2001 to the present year of 2026. Having initiated 33 complaints, responded to 53 cases, and participated as a third party in 198 instances, China has established itself as one of the most active litigants, involved in approximately 13% of all WTO disputes. This paper categorizes China’s participation in the DSB into three distinct evolutionary stages: ① the Initial Exploratory Phase (2001–2006), ② the Defensive Respondent Phase (2007–2015), and ③ the Offensive Transitional Phase (2016–Present). Through a structural analysis by counterpart and agreement, coupled with an evaluation of compliance patterns, this study explores the strategic trajectory of China’s transformation from a ‘rule-taker’ to a ‘rule-maker.’ Furthermore, the paper examines the impact of shifting institutional dynamics—specifically the paralysis of the Appellate Body and the emergence of the Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA)—on China’s DSB strategy. Finally, it discusses the broader implications of China’s utilization of the WTO as a formal legal manifestation of the intensifying U.S.-China trade conflict.

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This article examines why China’s 2025 Private Economy Promotion Law has been translated into different provincial regulations and policy instruments. To address this question, the article selects Fujian and Heilongjiang as contrasting cases: Fujian represents a coastal province with a strong legacy of private-sector-led development, whereas Heilongjiang represents a northeastern old industrial base with a stronger legacy of state-led industrial organization. Using five comparative dimensions—legislative pathway, policy orientation, administrative instruments, rights-protection mechanisms, and regional development narratives—the article analyzes how structural conditions and prior administrative trajectories shape local implementation. The findings show that Fujian has institutionalized a development-oriented model centered on growth support, service delivery, and innovation-tolerant governance, while Heilongjiang has institutionalized a management-oriented model centered on monitoring, procedural protection, and supervisory control. These differences suggest that the Private Economy Promotion Law should be understood not as a uniformly imposed implementation rule, but as a common legal framework that provincial governments selectively reconstruct in light of their own structural conditions and administrative legacies. The article argues that China’s governance of the private economy is better understood as a differentiated rule-of-law arrangement in which national principles and localized institutional redesign coexist.

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This study aims to analyze the impact of cultural heritage assetization on urban competitiveness and city branding within the context of China’s urban development strategies. By linking national cultural policies with city-level implementation, the research explores the structural mechanisms through which cultural heritage is transformed into economic, political, and symbolic capital. The study employs an integrated analytical framework combining Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital, Porter’s theory of competitive advantage, and Nye’s concept of soft power. Using literature review and policy analysis, it examines the multifaceted effects of cultural heritage on urban brand identity, cultural industry development, tourism promotion, and the enhancement of global city image. The research also highlights the significant role of digital cultural industries in expanding the global reach of cultural heritage and strengthening urban competitiveness. The findings reveal that the assetization of cultural heritage in Chinese cities enhances urban competitiveness through four key pathways: (1) policy-driven governance, (2) integration of cultural industries and tourism, (3) digital technology-based dissemination, and (4) linkage with soft power strategies. These results suggest that cultural heritage is not merely an object of preservation but a strategic asset driving sustainable urban development. This study contributes academically by proposing an integrated theoretical framework explaining the relationship between cultural heritage assetization and urban competitiveness, and it offers practical implications for city branding and cultural policy in China.

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At the historical juncture of "unprecedented global changes," enhancing the efficacy of China’s international communication and building an indigenous discourse system have emerged as urgent priorities in the social sciences. To address the cognitive fragmentation caused by the surge in publications, traditional qualitative reviews often fail to objectively evaluate the structural patterns of disciplinary evolution. This study analyzes 3,961 CSSCI-indexed journal articles from CNKI (2010–2025) using CiteSpace to conduct a multi-dimensional quantitative analysis of the field. The findings reveal that publication volume has progressed through four distinct stages—exploration, steady growth, adjustment, and rapid acceleration—reaching a historic peak in 2024. Academically, institutions such as the Communication University of China, Tsinghua University, and Beijing Foreign Studies University serve as key hubs, led by a community of prominent scholars, though cross-institutional collaboration requires further enhancement. Knowledge structure analysis indicates a configuration centered on two core nodes, namely "International Communication" and "Foreign Communication." By deconstructing core clusters, this study categorizes the research into four primary blocks: basic concepts, narrative strategies, policy responses, and ultimate goals. The research focus has undergone a paradigmatic leap from an early emphasis on infrastructure to deep autonomous theoretical construction, reflecting a collective effort to dismantle Western discourse hegemony and seek indigenous academic self-awareness. Regarding frontier evolution, keyword burst analysis reveals a logical shift from earlier hotspots like "soft power" and "national image" toward "Chinese civilization," "empathetic communication," and "global governance." This trajectory reflects a transition from defensive publicity toward proactive leadership in communication, shifting from simple information flow to deeper meaning construction. In light of current limitations in bridging macro-micro perspectives and profiling overseas audiences, future research should deepen theoretical originality, reconstruct communication systems through digital intelligence, and pivot toward empathetic communication. Practically, priority should be given to the international translation of core academic concepts and the use of AI to mitigate "cultural discounts." By establishing a collaborative framework involving both official and non-official actors, China can achieve a qualitative leap in global discourse, moving from simply being heard to being truly understood and accepted.

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Artificial intelligence and big data have been applied in education through various technologies, and are gradually changing the teaching methods of teachers, the learning modes of students, and the operation of schools. This will inevitably exert an important impact on school management and leadership. This study aims to explore the influence of university leaders’ digital leadership on teachers’ innovative behavior under the background of reforms in the digital era. Focusing on the mediating roles of job crafting and creative self-efficacy, this paper analyzes how digital leadership affects teachers’ innovative behavior through the two variables. Based on social cognitive theory, this study takes digital leadership as the independent variable, and job crafting and creative self-efficacy as mediating variables, to construct a theoretical framework for analyzing its impact on teachers’ innovative behavior. This study attempts to reveal the internal mechanism of digital leadership influencing teachers’ innovative behavior in the era of educational digital transformation, so as to enrich empirical research related to teachers’ innovative behavior and provide implications for policy formulation and practical application. To achieve the above research objectives, this study focuses on the following four questions:First, what is the current situation of digital leadership, teachers’ job crafting, creative self-efficacy and innovative behavior in Chinese universities? Second, what is the relationship between digital leadership and teachers’ job crafting, creative self-efficacy and innovative behavior in Chinese universities?Third, how do digital leadership, teachers’ job crafting and creative self-efficacy affect innovative behavior in Chinese universities?Fourth, do job crafting and creative self-efficacy play mediating roles in the relationship between digital leadership and teachers’ innovative behavior in Chinese universities? In order to achieve the research objectives, this study established a research model by sorting out existing literature and conducted a questionnaire survey. Firstly, the questionnaire was compiled, and a pre-test was carried out to ensure the validity and reliability of the scale. The formal survey lasted four weeks. A total of 700 questionnaires were distributed to in-service teachers in universities in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province and Liaoning Province, and 673 questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 96.14%. After excluding 15 invalid questionnaires, 658 valid questionnaires were finally used for analysis. SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 29.0 software were used to conduct statistical analysis on the collected data and test the research hypotheses. The results are as follows:First, digital leadership in Chinese universities has a significant positive impact on teachers’ innovative behavior. That is, the higher the level of digital leadership, the more innovative behaviors teachers exhibit.Second, digital leadership in Chinese universities has a significant positive impact on teachers’ job crafting. That is, digital leadership can promote teachers’ job crafting behavior.Third, teachers’ job crafting has a positive impact on innovative behavior. That is, the more job crafting behaviors teachers exhibit, the more innovative behaviors they exhibit.Fourth, teachers’ job crafting plays a mediating role in the relationship between digital leadership and innovative behavior.Fifth, digital leadership has a positive impact on teachers’ creative self-efficacy. That is, the higher the level of digital leadership, the stronger teachers’ creative self-efficacy.Sixth, teachers’ creative self-efficacy has a positive impact on innovative behavior. That is, the stronger the creative self-efficacy, the more innovative behaviors teachers exhibit.Seventh, teachers’ creative self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between digital leadership and innovative behavior.

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The Jia Ying Guan Imperial Stele is an imperial inscription commissioned by the Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing dynasty to commemorate the regulation of the Yellow River and the construction of Jia Ying Guan. Made with a bronze surface over an iron core, the stele embodies historical, calligraphic, artistic, and political value. Using this stele as a case study, this article combines textual research with object-based analysis to examine the symbiotic relationship between Yongzheng’s philosophy of governance and his calligraphic art. It reveals how he employed calligraphy to convey moral and political ideals and used art to support governance and public instruction. The inscription records the Yellow River floods and the hardships of river regulation. In calligraphy, Yongzheng drew on the model-book tradition of Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, and Dong Qichang, forming an imperial style marked by both archaic elegance and strict formal discipline. In political thought, the stele reflects his core principles of people-oriented governance, reverence for divine power, diligence in serving the people, and consolidation of imperial authority. In craftsmanship, its composite casting technique of an iron core and bronze surface demonstrates Qing ingenuity in structural stability, corrosion resistance, fine carving, and water-level monitoring. This study highlights the stele’s multiple values and offers a new perspective on the integration of Yongzheng’s river management, calligraphic art, and political thought.

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With the continuous expansion of online transaction scale, "online disputes, online resolution" has become an important issue in digital governance. The online dispute resolution (ODR) of Chinese e-commerce platforms has unique advantages in diverting litigation and reducing the cost of rights protection. However, it emphasizes rapid dispute resolution and platform autonomy, and there are structural bottlenecks such as "having mechanisms but lacking rules" and "having processing but weak enforcement". Meanwhile, judicial confirmation carries the institutional expectations of procedural legitimacy and finality of judgment. The effective connection between the ODR of e-commerce platforms and the judicial confirmation system is a key link in building a multi-level, integrated and collaborative dispute resolution system. However, the current connection between the two faces deep tensions between "efficiency priority" and "procedural guarantee", as well as "private entities" and "public power". Therefore, this paper takes the "structural coupling" under the perspective of systems theory as the analytical framework. Based on the review of the operation logic of the ODR of e-commerce platforms and the functions of the judicial confirmation system, and with the theory of procedural justice as the premise, starting from the normative analysis of platform rules and the practice of online judicial confirmation, it reveals the interaction mechanism between the ODR of e-commerce platforms and judicial confirmation, and points out the connection difficulties such as the lack of operation mechanism and the limited effectiveness of the results of the ODR of e-commerce platforms. Thus, it clarifies the normative logic of the connection mechanism and proposes a systematic improvement and optimization plan for the connection of the two based on the interaction mode between the autonomous system and the judicial system, the bottom-line requirements of procedural justice, and the normative logic of the connection mechanism itself, in order to achieve the systematic integration and efficiency improvement of the multi-level dispute resolution mechanism.

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