This study derives the factors that enable the development of the Chinese start-up ecosystem and the success factors of start-up companies. According to Isenberg's (2011) theory on the components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, the study examines the Chinese entrepreneurial ecosystem in six aspects: policy, finance, culture, support, human capital, and the market. The study draws the following conclusions. First, in building a startup ecosystem in China, the government played a decisive role by influencing all factors such as policy, finance, culture, support, human capital, and markets. Second, leading companies that have succeeded in start-ups also played an important role in building a start-up ecosystem in China by influencing factors such as finance, culture, and support.

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This study examined the relationship between corruption and economic growth in China for 24 years between 1995 and 2018. As a result of the analysis, the coefficient of corruption perception index, which is a proxy variable for corruption in the model (1), was negative (-), and the more integrity (the smaller the corruption) was, the more negative the economic growth was. In the model (2), the regression coefficient of the square root of the corruption perception index was positive (+), and there was a nonlinear relationship between corruption and economic growth. In model (3) and model (4), the regression coefficients of corruption scale and number of corruption bureaucrats were positive (+), but not statistically significant. In addition, the square root coefficient of the two variables was negative (-), so it would be said that there was a nonlinear relationship with the coefficient sign, but it was not found to be at a statistically significant level. Finally, it is necessary to take care in interpreting the causal relationship between corruption and economic growth, considering that China, which has achieved rapid growth since the reform and opening up, is facing a slowdown in its growth rate in the New Normal era.

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As China is expected to enter a Super-aged society in 2035, there is a growing perception that it will be difficult to prepare for retirement due to the rapid aging of the population and the composition of small families. In terms of demand, there is a phenomenon in which the elderly entered before they became wealthy, and in terms of supply, there is a phenomenon in which the aging of the population progressed without sufficient infrastructure. This research considered that a new market has been established for Korean medical institutions already operating in China and companies related to the elderly care service in Korea. After reviewing the current state of China's Elderly Care Service on the policy side, consumers' side, and suppliers' side, three conclusions were drawn. First, it is necessary to pay attention to cities in the western region with relatively high pension income and cities that have entered the aging society as expansion bases. Second, due to the nature of the Chinese nursing service model, it is necessary to expand nursing care services for the Elderly homecare service of a combination of medical care and nursing services that provide care, medical care, and nursing services. Third, it is necessary to produce professional human resources as soon as possible by entrusting the training of professional care workers to a Foreign Capital vocational education institution that has the advanced educational experience and can combine service education. Therefore, since the elderly homecare service sector was opened to foreign countries in January this year, we propose the need for Korean companies to preoccupy China's Elderly Care Service market as soon as possible.

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In order to promote high-quality growth, China's mass entrepreneurship and innovation policy, which encourages the development of enterprises, faces the dilemma of short survival period of firms. First of all, reviewed the relevant literature, this paper puts forward the hypothesis that the size and productivity of firms have a positive impact on the market survival rate of enterprises, and both of them show nonlinear characteristics, in which the impact of the former is gradually decreasing, and the impact of the latter is gradually increasing. Next, based on the sample data of Chinese manufacturing firms, this paper uses statistical description, Kaplan Meier survival curve, Cox proportional risk regression analysis and other methods to verify the research hypothesis. The results show that: the survival of firm is significantly distributed to the right, and the average life is short; the K-M survival curve of firm size and productivity shows that they can positively affect the survival of firms; and The deposit analysis further verifies the nonlinear relationship between variables and its specific characteristics; the analysis of other control variables shows that the heterogeneity of firms, such as capital intensity, ownership and regional differences, also affect the survival of firms. Finally, this paper concludes with two implications: first, industrial policy needs to pay attention to the size, productivity and market survival of firms and the relationship between them, as well as the measurement of the size of firms, as a key indicator of resource tilt; second, the investment decision-making of firms should not only make adaptive adjustments from the perspective of size and productivity, but also pay attention to the degree of capital intensity, the nature of ownership and the impact of regional differences.

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Customer credit risk assessment is crucial in retail banking business. Hitherto, customer credit risk is narrowed to the direct loss resulting from the borrower’s failure to contractual obligation of loan products. The indirect loss, such as legal and compliance liability, reputation damage, is usually neglected. The indirect loss is generally caused by providing services to customers who launch illegal transactions, such as money laundering and terrorist financing activities. As required by Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, banks should strengthen the customer risk supervision and avoid providing services to abnormal customers. Usually, a customer needs to apply for an account before launching financial activities. Thus, a risk assessment at the account opening services can not only help the bank filter some fraudulent and criminal customers but also provide guidance on allocating the limited supervision resource. Conventionally, such a risk assessment procedure is labor-intensive. Given the massive business volume caused by digitalization, the problems of human resource shortage and high human errors caused by overburdened workload are even more serious. Yet, previous works only explored abnormal account activities supervision after account generation, whereas the automatic risk assessment method on account opening services is rarely covered. To address these problems, in this study, a novel preliminary risk level is firstly developed to indicate the different likelihood of risk levels in account opening service. In addition, an automatic risk level classifier is developed with a designed two-staged neural network utilizing geographic, demographic, and behavioral features. The experiment results verify the high classification accuracy at 96.7%. Moreover, given the similar compositions of international customers between Korea and Hong Kong, this work could also provide guidance to Korean banks on customer preliminary risk assessment.

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In order to analyze China’s energy research trend, this study examines the keyword Network of papers which has been published on CNKI.NET, the largest online publishing platform in China. The simultaneous appearance of the keyword was regarded as a connection, and centrality of a network structure based on degree(of connections) was measured by the portion of nodes that are adjacent to each node. In addition, to analyze China's energy research trends over the past decade, this study reviews the network structure and identifies the role of keyword’s role in the network. Based on this analysis, the network graph implemented. This study is expected to expanded the possibility of establishing advanced hypotheses and follow-up research that can specifically reveal the trend of energy research in China.

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This paper aims to analyze challenges and opportunities China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) faced after the COVID-19 outbreak and reason out its development direction and implications. Despite serious challenges, including restrictions on the cross-border movement of workers and logistics, China’s growing financial burden due to the worldwide economic downturn, and rising anti-Chinese sentiment all over the world, China has rapidly accelerated the Health Silk Road (HSR) and Digital Silk Road (DSR). Through the HSR and DSR, China is not only trying to improve its national image but also to reinforce cooperative relations through the BRI and expand its range. Such expansion of the BRI through the HSR and the DSR has three key implications: Firstly, it can help China secure its global leadership; Secondly, with the spread of the Chinese-style authoritarian system, there is a risk that the spread of universal values are likely to be hindered; Thirdly, it will intensify US-China strategic and technological competition. Therefore, South Korea needs to prioritize its values-based principles in order to prepare for the moment when economic interests and values collide in cooperating with the BRI.

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The international community is intensifying a fierce resource struggle over securing marine resources. In particular, behind the strategic competition between the U.S. and China, competition centered on maritime issues is increasing. Even in the history of the rise and fall of powerful nations, the historical fact is clear that the maritime-dominating state has taken over the world hegemony in name and reality. China has also been increasing interest in the maritime power since 2013 when the Xi Jinping administration took office, making aggressive offshore and marine advancement through MSR visible. In other words, as the maritime issues have been established as China's vital national interest, the U.S. and China are fighting over marine hegemony in Indo-Pacific region. From China's point of view, there is growing concern about the U.S., which controls most of the world's oceans, and China's ability to prepare for this can cause astronomical losses when the supply of resources to support China's economic growth and SLOC are blocked by the U.S. Navy. Based on this perception, the purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of the possibility of China's aggressive maritime problems appearing in Korean waters in the future, taking a serious look at the maritime problems legal or illegal in China's grey Zone strategy. This article starting from the issues raised of Chapter1, explains the Grey Zone Strategy as a theoretical background, analyzes the role of the CCC and CCC’s reorganization (Chapter2) , examines the concerns and responses of major neighboring countries (Chapter3), looking at the implications of various maritime issues overlapping with Korea by raising this issue in order to protect the right to survive (Chapter4) and lead to conclusion(Chapter5).

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How has US-China relationship been constructed? Is their clash for obtaining regional or global hegemony inevitable or destined? The two nations’ relations have undergone gradual but drastic changes from a strategic partnership in the 1970s to a kind of coopetition in the 1990s. In the 2000s, cooperation has tended to be dramatically reduced but competition further deepened. As a result, US-China relationship now seems to be heading toward a hegemonic confrontation. From a constructivist perspective, this paper analyzes the evolution of US-China relationship by examining changes in the US government perception of the Chinese state identity and their impacts on US China policies. It concludes that one of the most significant causes of the change in the US-China relationship has been the reconstruction of Washington’s perception of the Chinese state identity. It also shows that the reconstruction of US perception has been significantly affected by changes in relative power between Washington and Beijing, the latter’s assertive and expansionary policies, and hawkish strategic thinkings in US, such as offensive realism, democracy peace theory, clash of civilization, return to an empire.

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