This paper aims to increase the accessibility of primary health care services in vulnerable areas by telemedicine to resolve the problems of health imbalance caused by the increase in the number of chronic diseases such as high blood pressure and diabetes, the imbalance of medical demand and supply, and the continuous rise of medical expenses due to the super-aging of Korea. On the other hand, telemedicine in China, a neighboring country of Korea, can be seen growing and developing day by day. In order to explore the problems of telemedicine and the future direction in Korea, a comparative analysis of telemedicine between China and Korea was conducted. The background, policies, and some cases of telemedicine in China and Korea were investigated, and a comparison was made in terms of legal and financial support and provision standards. First, China government legally permits telemedicine and regulates basic principles, which is administered by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC and tries to promote telemedicine through procurement of guidelines. On the other hand, even though Korea has attempted to allow the legal of telemedicine, it has not been able to implement or even revise the law due to opposition from the medical community. Second, consumers of medical services in China can receive remote medical treatment, counseling, prescriptions, and delivery from medical personnel. However, only remote consultation between local and remote locations was mainly conducted in Korea. Third, telemedicine is not yet covered by health insurance both in China and Korea, and when China, which provides a wide variety of telemedicine services, attempt to expand the application of medical fees, Korea also discussed whether to apply for health insurance for telemedicine services. Consequently, Korea's telemedicine is not limited to pilot projects and research over the past 20 years, but it is necessary to revise the legal system that takes into account the needs of actual medical consumers and the cost-effective aspects of medical resources, and also gradually expand telemedicine through social consensus with the medical community.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

After the reform and opening up, the transformation of the Chinese economy into a market economy took place at a very rapid pace. Private entrepreneurial activities played a significant role in one of the pillars of this economic development. As the individual's economic freedom expanded and the factor market was formed in stages, the production activities previously in charge of the public sector in the planned economy were replaced by private entrepreneurs. New markets for products and services were continuously formed. Private entrepreneurship activities have been developing and playing different roles at different times in the transitioning Chinese economy. This paper explores its changing status by analyzing the developmental aspects of these private entrepreneurship activities. In this process, various aspects of Chinese private entrepreneurship activities are revealed and analyzed by region. The development of the Chinese market economy takes on a variety of shapes by region depending on the policy of the central government and the response to the conditions of the local government. This paper highlights the different status of private entrepreneurship activities by region and the policy approaches of local governments in China by analyzing them separately. Next, this paper highlights the crisis faced by Chinese private entrepreneurship activities and introduces the Chinese government's policy transition efforts to cope with it.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

The concept of restorative justice has triggered the consideration of the issue of the leniency of victim's forgiveness from the perspective of crime prevention and control and has limited the range of application of it based on its principle. Normative researches on the leniency of victim's forgiveness are still being in a state of self-talking, and thus gaining experience from judicial practice to confirming and nurturing the normative researches is obviously a more effective way to ponder. Through the scientific selection and analysis of the samples of larceny, mayhem, and crime of causing traffic casualties, it is not hard to find the existing experience and operational mechanism of the strategies of controlling crime that is called leniency of victim's forgiveness in judicatory practice is not the production of normative research logic but is undoubtedly more accord with the peculiarity of victim forgiveness as a social governance mechanism and provides a direct reference for designing an elaborate and scientific system. From the sample analysis of larceny, collective empirical rationality in judicatory practice was given a more lenient treatment than the “Sentencing Guidelines” for the victim's forgiveness in it. From the sample analysis of mayhem, the severity of the crime of the perpetrator obviously related to the incidence of the victim's attitude on sentencing. From the sample analysis of the crime causing traffic casualties, whether the probation was suitable for some crimes was highly sensitive to the circumstances of the victim's forgiveness. Envisaging these collective experiences in judicatory practice, thus can the concept of restorative justice be realized more purposefully.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

In this paper, we introduce China's risk management policies since 2015 when it started to issue local government bonds and investigate the accompanied risk factors. First, China had established the maximum limits of local governments’ debts but the way of calculating them is not still transparent. Second, the substitute bonds issuance which was implicitly done until 2019, was practically ceased in 2020. This might, however, block the disposal of the non-bond debts. Third, the maturity of bonds began to be systematically controlled. The maturity of the project bonds is not still flexible. To understand the realities of local governments’ debt management, we analyzed their fiscal data and bond issue records. We found that 99% of local governments’ debt became bonds which are supposed to be transparent, but forced transparency could lead to unexpected risks. The limits of debt are obeyed as a whole but seem to be adjusted when needed. The off-the-budget accounts of some local units was in deficit and their project bonds could be distressed. We also found that the short history of local bonds and the regulation on their maturity make the redemption distribution uneven. Accordingly, the period of 2019~2022 is most likely a golden age of local governments’ fiscal health. But the burden of redemptions varies in different provinces considering the present values of their debts. The risk factors so far examined could be classified into the institutional ones which can be eased by some complementary measures and the structural ones which are difficult to deal with due to the nature of the Chinese economy system.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

This article aims to investigate internal migration patterns and their relationship with regional inequality in China’s latest urbanization. The results of this study indicate that the influx of migrant laborers into the central and western regions is associated with increasing economic growth based on the secondary industry and acceleration of the urbanization phase. And, higher growth rates based on the secondary industry and urban expansion in both central and western regions have contributed to relaxing both regional and provincial inequality. Also, the findings imply that the phenomenon of mingong huang has become a labor demand issue, not a supply issue, with changing regional economic structure and urbanization level. Accordingly, it would require governmental efforts to advance the quality of the migrant laborers, which can intensify the linkage between accumulation of human capital and labor market in a region. These efforts would help activate and expand the domestic market with balanced regional economy as well as help achieve sustainable and complete urbanization.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of perceived strategic human resource management on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention of local employee working on Korean small and medium sized firms in China. Relationships among the study concepts are predicted based on existing literature and tested through the survey from 500 employees working in Korean small and medium sized firms based on Shan Dong province of China. The results obtained by actual analysis are as follows. First, strategic human resource management respectively have a positive effect on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Second, job satisfaction has a positive effect on organizational commitment. Finally, strategic human resource management has a significant negative effect on turnover intention through the job satisfaction, organization commitment indirectly rather than directly. This study based on these findings has practical implications for the successful management of organization and human resource in the Korean small and medium sized firms doing business in China.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

The purpose of this study was to examine the intention to use environmental friendly cars by Chinese consumers and to examine the relationship between the product factor(functionality, economic efficiency), social factors(government benefits, social image), perceived usefulness and purchase intention of environmental friendly cars. And conducted a research on taking consumer’s personal factors(innovation seeking, environmental awareness) as moderating effect. This study collected 318 survey data from a professional survey company- ‘wenjuanxing’ in China. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the regression analysis were hired In order to analyze the data. The following is the main result. First, it can be seen that age group under 20s has a higher receptivity of environmental friendly cars. and people with experience in purchasing environmental friendly cars have high innovation seeking and environmental awareness. Second, hypothesis verification results indicated that the economic efficiency, government benefits and social image positively influence the perceived usefulness. The government benefits have the greatest impact on perceived usefulness. And the perceived usefulness positively affects the purchase intention of environmental friendly cars. In addition, only the functional and social image was found to have a positive effect on purchase intention of environmental friendly cars. Third, between the economic efficiency and the perceived usefulness the innovation seeking has the regulating effect, and between thee government benefits and the perceived usefulness the environmental awareness has the regulating effect.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

In recent years, China has vigorously promoted the development of regional scientific and technological innovation and built innovative cities. Evaluating China’s regional scientific and technological innovation capabilities helps understand China’s current regional development level and future development capabilities. As an example, Shandong Province is a strong representative of this research. Drawing from the previous research, this paper establishes an urban science and technology innovation capability index system and uses the entropy method to measure the technology innovation capabilities of various cities in Shandong Province. Based on the comprehensive scores of urban technological innovation capabilities, the 17 cities in the province are divided into three through systematic clustering: high-level technological innovation cities, medium-level technological innovation cities, and low-level technological innovation cities. Upon summarizing the technological innovation capabilities of various cities, a detailed analysis of the 17 cities based on technological innovation shows that Jinan and Qingdao are far ahead in technological innovation capabilities, followed by Yantai, Weifang, Weihai faults, and Jining Innovation City. The findings show that the level of innovation in other cities is low, confirming the phenomenon of extreme imbalance in China’s regional scientific and technological innovation and uneven regional driving effects. Thus, China should pay attention to the gaps in higher education institutions and scientific research institutions, financial service capabilities, and market transformation conditions to balance the regional scientific and technological innovation capabilities.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

The third-party governance of environmental pollution is one of the products of the innovation of the environmental pollution governance model. Due to the involvement of the third party as a new subject, the conflict of the traditional two-way legal relationship has broken in the aspects of the undertaking of environmental legal rights and obligations, the identification of responsibilities, and the way of undertaking responsibilities. The third-party governance mode means the change from the past single control to market cooperation, which provides a new development idea for the all-around construction of the ecological environment. After this concept was first put forward after the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee, third-party treatment of environmental pollution has made great progress in social practice. At the same time, they are also facing some difficulties in the complex environmental service market economy. Third-party governance is open, professional, contractual, and competitive. In actual operation, pollutant companies, third-party service companies, and governments (functional departments) are all in a dynamic game process. In the process of rule of law, how to achieve a good balance between the rights, obligations, and responsibilities of all legal entities still needs to be explored in subsequent practice. In order to standardize the third-party market of environmental pollution, the basic legal relationship in the third-party governance of environmental pollution should be clarified. We should clarify the division of responsibilities in environmental service contracts. It is necessary to establish a unified environmental supervision system by perfecting relevant supporting systems for the service market and integrating the concept of public participation to improve the comprehensive third-party environmental pollution control system in the market economy.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

With the continuous expansion of college enrollment in China in the 21st century, the number of college graduates has increased year by year, and the employment of college students has become an urgent problem. Entrepreneurship education for college students has become an inevitable requirement for the development of higher education. Curriculum is an important carrier of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities. A systematic study of entrepreneurship courses in Chinese colleges and universities will help promote the sound development of entrepreneurship education in China and cultivate entrepreneurial talents with innovative spirit and skills. Through case analysis and comparative analysis, this paper systematically combs and analyzes the development process and current situation of entrepreneurship education in Chinese universities, compares the curriculum setting modes and contents of entrepreneurship education in typical Chinese universities, and finally puts forward innovative suggestions: clarifying the hierarchy of entrepreneurship education curriculum objectives, strengthening the interdisciplinary nature of entrepreneurship education curriculum contents, constructing the comprehensiveness of entrepreneurship education curriculum system, building the diversity of entrepreneurship education teachers, and improving the scientific evaluation of entrepreneurship education curriculum. The research in this paper provides a new perspective for entrepreneurship education in Chinese universities, which is conducive to constructing a systematic and reasonable university entrepreneurship education curriculum system and guiding universities to develop characteristic entrepreneurship education courses according to their own characteristics.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel