The study aims to analyze the impact of cultural content development centered on Busan Chinatown on its evolution into a sustainable cultural city and to propose specific implementation strategies. In modern cities, culture serves as a crucial resource for promoting economic, social, and environmental sustainability, playing a key role in strengthening regional identity and boosting economic vitality. Busan Chinatown, with its geographical and historical characteristics and potential for Korea-China cultural convergence, holds the possibility of growing into a tourism and cultural hub. However, it currently faces limitations in areas such as tourist stay duration, consumption patterns, and content diversity. The research findings indicate that, for Chinatown to develop into a destination for extended stays, it is essential to diversify cultural content, establish a global brand, achieve social integration through collaboration with local residents, and connect with the Busan International Tourism City project through the construction of a smart tourism environment and global marketing. Through these efforts, Chinatown can transform from a mere tourist attraction into a sustainable platform encompassing the local economy and culture. This study suggests that the development of Korea-China cultural content and the establishment of an international network can position Chinatown as one of Busan’s leading tourist attractions and a central hub for Korea-China exchange. It also provides practical implications for regional balanced development and cultural city policies. Furthermore, the study proposes concrete strategies for revitalizing the local economy and enhancing Busan’s international standing, demonstrating how Busan can take a significant step toward becoming a global tourism hub city.

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This paper analyzes the issue of maritime boundary delimitation between South Korea and China through an intersectional approach that integrates international law and international politics. In the contemporary era, the ocean is no longer merely a repository of resources or a route for transportation; rather, it has been redefined as a strategic domain of central importance. In particular, the maritime space of Northeast Asia has emerged as a region of intensifying structural tensions, where the U.S.–China strategic rivalry, Japan’s military normalization, China’s maritime expansion, and South Korea’s redefined security strategy intersect.Within this context, the Provisional Measures Zone (PMZ) in the West Sea stands out as a representative case in which interpretations of international law come into direct conflict with national strategic objectives. Under the so-called “West Sea Project,” China is accumulating maritime control through a combination of activities, including the construction of structures disguised for civilian use, maritime surveys, and surveillance operations. This represents a case in which international law is utilized as an instrument of national strategy and reflects an attempt to institutionalize state interests through legal instrumentalization. In contrast, South Korea continues to emphasize international legal legitimacy based on the equidistance/midline principle, but remains structurally disadvantaged in terms of effective control and the construction of a negotiation framework. This paper argues that China’s approach is not merely a collection of legal measures, but a strategic plan aimed at restructuring maritime order and gaining the initiative in negotiation dynamics. It further examines the structural characteristics of international law, which, while functioning as an autonomous and universal normative system, is simultaneously subject to relativization and instrumentalization in accordance with the power relations of international politics. The maritime boundary delimitation between Korea and China must be understood as a complex strategic domain where legal legitimacy and effective control operate simultaneously. The issue of maritime boundary delimitation between South Korea and China should be understood as a complex strategic domain in which international legal legitimacy and effective control operate simultaneously. South Korea cannot secure a leading position in negotiations by relying solely on normative claims. A strategy that simultaneously upholds the principles of international law and strengthens control at sea, alongside diplomatic pressure, is essential—and must serve as a core strategic framework for the long-term protection of maritime sovereignty. In response to China’s installation of maritime structures and attempts to expand its influence, South Korea must assert leadership in shaping the direction and framework of maritime boundary delimitation through a response that combines legal legitimacy with effective measures.

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The service sector has emerged as a central axis of value creation, driven by advancements in ICT technology and digital transformation. It is becoming a critical factor in assessing the economic growth and trade competitiveness of East Asian countries. Accordingly, this study analyzes the trade competitiveness of the service sector in East Asian countries amidst changes in the global economic structure and examines whether the Flying Geese Model, traditionally used to explain manufacturing-driven economic development, is applicable to the service sector. This study utilized IMF service trade statistics and the RSCA index to compare the service export competitiveness and sectoral dynamics of 12 East Asian countries. The analysis revealed that some countries have strengthened their competitiveness in high-value-added sectors such as ICT, finance, and other business services, with clear disparities in competitiveness and development stages among countries. While the Flying Geese Model’s sequential development pattern was observed in industries such as other business services, transportation, and intellectual property services, this pattern was not evident in advanced industries like ICT and finance. Industry- and country-specific factors are presumed to play a significant role in these results. The findings of this study offer several implications for enhancing the competitiveness of East Asia’s service sector. First, the importance of digital transformation and fostering high-value-added service industries is emphasized. Second, transitioning to a service-oriented economic structure is imperative. Third, leveraging the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) to strengthen regional cooperation is crucial. Reducing regulatory barriers between countries will be essential to promoting the complementary development of service industries.

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This study examines how online review expertise and recency influence brand switching behavior, focusing on the sequential mediating roles of review trust and product trust. As digital consumption grows, consumers increasingly form trust through online reviews without direct product experience, making trust a key factor in purchasing and brand-switching decisions. The study empirically analyzes how review characteristics shape trust formation and brand switching behavior. The results show that review expertise and recency positively affect review trust, which in turn influences product trust, leading to brand switching. A significant sequential mediation effect of review trust and product trust is confirmed in the relationship between review characteristics and brand switching. These findings highlight that online reviews are not only informational sources but also key mechanisms shaping trust and brand-switching behavior. Theoretically, the study extends trust transfer theory to experiential product consumption. Practically, it offers insights for developing review-based marketing strategies in the Chinese cosmetics market.

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This study aims to examine the impact of organizational climate on turnover intention among Generation Z employees in China and to verify the mediating effect of affective commitment in this relationship. Generation Z values fairness, self-fulfillment, and emotional respect and is known to be significantly influenced by organizational climate and emotional attachment when considering turnover. Specifically, this study investigates how organizational climate—comprising friendliness, innovativeness, and fairness—affects turnover intention and whether affective commitment mediates this relationship. An online survey was conducted among Chinese Gen Z workers, and data were collected from 282 respondents. The empirical analysis revealed that organizational climate negatively affects turnover intention and that affective commitment fully mediates this relationship. The findings underscore cultivating a supportive organizational environment and developing individualized HR strategies to enhance affective commitment among Gen Z employees. This study provides practical implications for designing effective human resource management strategies that align with the values and characteristics of Generation Z.

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Guided by the Compulsory Education Labor Curriculum Standards, this paper takes Shanghai Y Primary School as an example to deeply explore the implementation status and optimization strategies of the labor education curriculum for primary school students. The study found that although the goal system of China's labor education curriculum is comprehensive and specific, it still faces many problems in the actual implementation process. The article first reviews the development process of China's labor education, points out the transformation of labor education from the initial integration into other subjects to independent courses, and emphasizes its importance in the comprehensive development of the education system. Then, through field interviews and data analysis of Y Primary School, the current status of the implementation of the labor education curriculum for primary school students is revealed, including problems in curriculum goal design, content arrangement and teaching methods. Specific problems include neglect of the values of labor education, incomplete and overly superficial curriculum content design, and insufficient support for students' labor experience. In response to these problems, this paper proposes optimization strategies, including optimizing curriculum goal design, rationally using curriculum resources to innovate curriculum content, and strengthening the scientific nature of teaching organization, aiming to improve the implementation effect of the labor education curriculum and promote the all-round development of students. Finally, the article emphasizes the necessity of further strengthening policy guidance and practical exploration, in order to continuously improve the labor education curriculum system and lay a solid foundation for improving students' comprehensive quality. Through the research in this article, empirical basis and theoretical support are provided for the optimization of primary school labor education curriculum.

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With the implementation of reform and opening-up policies, China's urbanization entered a period of rapid development, leading to land conflicts and environmental degradation. In 2019, the Central Economic Work Conference officially included urban renewal and old neighborhood renovation as crucial for people's well-being and health. Renovation of old neighborhoods in China, guided by urban renewal theory, has started relatively late. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of research findings and projects. We need to organize current practices and theories, analyze future improvements, and offer valuable suggestions. First, this article provides an overview and introduction of urban renewal and old neighborhoods, distinguishing them from traditional renovation forms. Then, it summarizes relevant literature, policy background, multidimensional renovation models, academic focus, and development. Next, by analyzing the renovation experiences and research findings of Western developed countries like the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as those of Japan and South Korea, which are part of East Asia's cultural sphere, it became clear that these nations have advanced experiences and outstanding achievements in improving reform systems and coordinating community governance. Finally, the analysis above shows that in recent years, the Chinese government and scholars have continuously explored policy formulation, multidimensional renovation, and residential participation. However, by reviewing domestic research findings and cases, it is clear that challenges remain in implementing old neighborhood renovations. Therefore, this paper argues that China's renovation of old neighborhoods requires a comprehensive legal framework, phased renovation systems based on their lifecycle, improved funding systems to promote the application of digital and ecological technologies, and strengthened subsequent safeguards. Currently, China's old neighborhood renovation is entering a phase of rapid development. By reviewing existing research findings and proposing improvement suggestions, we dynamically adjust the direction of old neighborhood renovations to support them.

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[Objective]This study aims to systematically sort out the research progress of college students‘mental health problems in the past ten years, reveal the knowledge structure, research hotspots and dynamic evolution law of this field with the help of CiteSpace visualisation tools, compare the international research differences, and propose future research directions and intervention strategies based on multidisciplinary perspectives, so as to provide theoretical support for the education and practice of college students’ mental health in the new era. [Methods] Taking the literature related to college students' mental health problems in Chinese colleges and universities included in the databases of China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Web of Science and other databases from 2000 to 2024 as samples, CiteSpace 6.2.R4 software was used to carry out a visual analysis of the trend of the number of articles, the authors of the articles, and the types of the articles issued. [Results] Through the psychological health management of college students can not only prevent crises and improve the efficiency of intervention, but also enhance the psychological quality of students and promote campus harmony. [Conclusion] The research on psychological problems of college students presents diversified and dynamic features, but there are limitations such as obvious disciplinary barriers and lack of longitudinal data. In the future, it is necessary to integrate artificial intelligence, neuroscience and other emerging technologies to deepen the theoretical model, build a localised psychological service system, and at the same time, strengthen the cross-cultural comparative research under the global perspective, so as to promote the development of mental health education in the direction of precision and prevention.

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Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is located in the eastern part of Jilin Province. It is the intersection of the three centers of economic, population and geography in Northeast Asia. It has a special geographical location, ethnic composition and international environment. With the continuous advancement of China 's economic development and urbanization, a large number of population migration has led to the problem of hollowing out in the border areas of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, which has adversely affected its development and brought risks and challenges to the security of the border areas. Therefore, this paper takes the border area of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture as the research area. Based on the social and economic statistical data and remote sensing monitoring data and the field investigation of the area, this paper fully understands and grasps the current situation of the hollowing out of the area, analyzes its causes and effects, and puts forward the countermeasures to control the hollowing out of the border area, in order to alleviate and inhibit the further deepening of the hollowing out phenomenon in the area and promote its sustainable development.

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The “Four New Modernizations” of the automotive industry are not only a technological revolution but also a strategic opportunity to reshape the discourse power of the global industrial chain. The talent gap in China’s energy-saving and new energy vehicle sector exposes the structural disconnection between the education chain and the industrial chain. As a national strategy to respond to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the “New Engineering” initiative requires universities to break down disciplinary barriers, build an interdisciplinary training system integrating “mechanical engineering + electronics + AI + communications,” and cultivate composite talents with global competitiveness. However, universities currently face deep-seated contradictions such as lagging curriculum systems, low participation rates in practical teaching, and rigid faculty knowledge structures, resulting in only 45% of graduates meeting interdisciplinary competency standards, making it difficult to support the industry’s climb to the high end of the value chain. Therefore, this study, guided by the strategy of building China into a “manufacturing power,” focuses on the talent training models of vehicle engineering majors in 12 “Double First-Class” universities. Through cross-regional comparison and quantitative analysis, it constructs a dynamic adaptation model of “industrial demand-education supply” to provide theoretical and practical solutions for higher engineering education reform. Taking “geographical location-industrial characteristics-disciplinary advantages” as the three-dimensional coordinates, the 12 “Double First-Class” universities have formed diverse training paradigms: Tongji University in the east integrates “intelligent connected vehicles + new energy” to connect with Shanghai’s global automotive innovation hub; Tsinghua University, Beijing Institute of Technology, and other universities in the north rely on the capital’s scientific and technological innovation resources and the industrial base in Northeast China to build a full-chain training system of “basic research-application research and development”; Chang’an University, Chongqing University, and other universities in the west closely follow the coordinated needs of transportation and the automotive industry in the west under the “Belt and Road” initiative; South China University of Technology in the south integrates into the electronic information industry ecosystem of the Greater Bay Area; Wuhan University of Technology in the central region supports the upgrading of the central manufacturing base. However, the contradiction between the “stability” of the training system and the “dynamics” of the industry is essentially a fundamental conflict between the education paradigm of the industrial economy era and the industrial needs of the digital economy era. Therefore, this study proposes a reform and reconstruction: a paradigm innovation from “disciplinary fragmentation” to “systemic integration,” improving the curriculum ecology, upgrading the practice system, and optimizing the faculty structure to promote the transformation of the training system from “knowledge imparting” to “competency generation.” Breaking through the local improvement mindset of the traditional training model, it constructs a closed loop of “needs insight-scheme design-effect evaluation” from a systems theory perspective, improving the employment rate in intelligent connected vehicle positions and the compliance rate of software capabilities of graduates, and finally forming a replicable “New Engineering” training paradigm. The study not only provides a reform template for vehicle engineering majors but also offers methodological insights for other engineering majors: higher engineering education needs to take industrial needs as the root problem, break down knowledge barriers through interdisciplinary integration, reconstruct the training process through industry-education integration, and ultimately provide strategic support for building a new ecosystem of “talent-technology-industry” co-evolution for China’s automotive industry in global competition.

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