In the 1930s, when Japan invaded China, a group of Joseon independence activists represented by Kim Yaksan went to China to form an armed force to help the Chinese people fight against the Japanese invaders in order to resist Japanese colonial rule and restore the independence of the motherland. As for the naming of this Militia, academic circles have names such as “Joseon Volunteer Militia”, “Huabei detachment of Joseon Volunteer Militia” and “Joseon volunteer army”, but in fact, it is not accurate to call this armed force any single name. The correct expression of the name of this Militia should be judged in a specific period of time; From October 1938 to July 1941, the Militia was called “Joseon volunteers”; From July 1941 to July 1942, to distinguish from the general headquarter of the Joseon Volunteer Militia in Chongqing and implement the new guidelines focusing on the work behind the enemy lines, the Militia was renamed as “Huabei Detachment of the Joseon Volunteer Militia”; From July 1942 to the victory of China's Anti-Japanese War, attributed to the support of the Communist Party of China, the change of its working guidelines and the expansion of the Militia size, it was renamed as “Joseon Volunteer Army”. Despite their different names, they all refer to the same group of brave Joseon independence activists. In July 2004, the memorial hall of the Joseon Volunteer Army martyrs, which was established in Shexian County, Handan City, Hebei Province, is a witness for future generations to remember these heroes and cannot forget history. It has more important practical significance for the people of China and Korea in the current post-Cold War Period. It reminds people to cherish peace and oppose aggression all the time.

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In 2022, China and Japan celebrated the 50th anniversary of normalization of diplomatic relations. The normalization of diplomatic relations between Japan and China in 1972 brought the long-standing abnormal relationship back to normal and opened a new chapter in history. Since the normalization of diplomatic relations, Sino-Japanese relations have changed dynamically over the past 50 years, moving back and forth between “conflict” and “friendship” centered on past historical issues and economic cooperation. However, unlike Sino-Japanese relations when diplomatic relations were normalized, Sino-Japanese relations have changed competitively due to the “transfer of power” between the two countries. In particular, the U.S.-China conflict has affected Sino-Japanese relations in various ways. In order to understand the changes in Sino-Japanese relations more accurately, it is necessary to look back on the past transition process of Sino-Japanese relations and explore the factors behind the changes in the relations. Therefore, this paper reviews the historical context of the 50 years of normalization of diplomatic Sino-Japanese relations and analyzes the factors that have caused changes in the bilateral relations. Finally, it provides Japan’s response measures and the position that Sino-Japanese relations should take in the future. According to the results of this study, regarding Sino-Japanese tension, the international factors such as the U.S.-China strategic competition and the Taiwan issue, and the domestic factors such as changes in the two countries’ identities and threat perceptions, worked independently or in combination to influence the bilateral relationship. This phenomenon is a challenging factor in the positioning of new Sino-Japanese relations. Therefore, a new set of norms is required on how to recon figure the bilateral relations in the future.

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China’s digital economy is growing rapidly and its share of GDP rose to about 40% in 2021. The digital economy is becoming new growth engine for China and COVID-19 has sped up digital transformation. This study examines the definition, framework and measurement of China’s digital economy. In China, digital economy is defined as digital industrialization, Industry digitization, digital governance, and data valuelization development. Digital industrialization is ICT industry and Industry digitization refers to the production quantity and efficiency improvement brought by the application of digital technology in traditional industries such as smart agriculture and smart manufacturing. According to this definition, the National Bureau of Statistics of China classifies the digital economy into digital industrialization and industrial digitalization to measure the value added at each digital industry level for National Accounts. In measuring industry digitization that is difficult to capture in economic statistics, CAICT use the growth accounting framework (KLEMS). The scale of the digital economy is the sum of digital industrialization and industry digitalization. Based on China’s rapid digital transformation that affects rules of world digital trade and global digital economy, it derives some implications for Korea.

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With the recent spread of protectionism and deglobalization, anti-China sentiment is rising around the world. Frequent geopolitical conflicts have a growing impact on Chinese companies' overseas investment, but few in-depth studies have been conducted on this issue. This paper empirically analyzes the impact of bilateral political relations on the performance of Chinese MNEs based on the panel data of 552 Chinese overseas subsidiaries from 2012 to 2021. Also, it analyzes the role of ‘the favorable impression towards China’ and ‘the uncertainty of the host country's economic policy’. The results of the study shows: ① the bilateral political relationship has a significant positive correlation with the overseas performance of MNEs. ② favorability toward the home country (China) plays a mediating role. In other words, the improvement of bilateral political relations can increase the favorability toward China, which can enhance the performance of Chinese companies. ③ the host country's economic policy uncertainty has a negative moderating effect. This paper expands the scope of international management by integrating macro and micro factors into the same research framework and presents practical proposals to multinational corporations.

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The goal of this paper is to analyze the mini-program corresponding to the core characteristics of the Chinese platform to explain the characteristics and changes of the Chinese platform. Here, the characteristics of the Chinese platform refer to the characteristics assuming comparison with the US platform. Chapter 2 will first define the platform used in this paper from the perspective of the double-sided market and network effect, and introduce the types of Chinese platforms. Platforms with mini-programs will be classified as infra platforms. Compared to existing applications, we will analyze that mini-programs have several advantages. Chapter 3 describes the development process of the mini-program divided into creation period, rapid growth period, and slow growth period. Chapter 4 first analyzes the introduction and development of mini-programs on various platforms in China. Next, I will explain the mini-program in terms of building the ecosystem of the platform. Chapter 5, the conclusion, will explain the contents of China's platform high-intensity regulations after the end of 2020, explaining that regulations are not directly related to the development of mini-programs. Finally, it will be emphasized that the establishment of a mini-program is very important for Korean companies to enter the Chinese platform.

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BRICS countries such as China and India, which are developing countries, are expanding their support for developing countries. International development cooperation between developing countries, called South-South cooperation, is gaining interest compared to the North-South cooperation regime. At the same time, there are growing concerns that the increase in South-South cooperation could have a negative impact on developing countries. China's increased support reinforces this concern as it competes with the traditional regime. As a strategy to compete with the traditional regime. China emphasizes the principle of respect for sovereignty and non-interference in domestic affairs, and supports the so-called ‘ODA Like’, which is also distinguished from the normative level. China is evaluated to strengthen its competitiveness in international development cooperation and at the same time expand its influence in linked higher and lower politics, through this. The emergence of China-centered alternative regime is expected to increase competition to pursue national interests rather than division of labor and cooperation between regimes in international development cooperation. This situation emphasizes the need for a strategic approach to Korea, which has become a donor country after graduating from a recipient country in 2010. As a middle power donor country, Korea must come up with a survival strategy in complex competitions in politics, economy, and development cooperation. Nevertheless, Korea government shows limitations such as the absence of long-term initiatives and the lack of strategies for pursuing national interests. It is necessary to establish a long-term development plan to supplement this and make it an exemplary case.

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Since China's labor problem is extensive issues covering the entire ruling power, labor should be discussed under the socialist market economy, it suggests the necessity of changing the labor management strategy of foreign-invested companies according to changes in the labor environment. New workers arose from a new generation of peasant workers who were alienated despite being the main player of economic growth. They are classified, organised and actively seeking rights, and the labor culture they formed is a factor that induces changes in the social system. The management strategy to improve the performance of foreign-invested companies results in the localization, and establishing labor management localization strategy in response to the labor culture of new workers enable them to overcome the limitations of foreign-invested companies and eventually it will be a strategy to integrate into society as a local settlement company.

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