Over the last two decades, since the Korean government’s implementing the autonomy of the local governments, they have been making significant efforts to improve their images to establish beneficial brandings. At a time of global economic crisis and illiberal world order, establishing favorable global images and brandings seems to be a vital task for enhancing the local governments’ competitiveness. Busan Metropolitan City, one of the largest local governments in Korea, has received both positive and negative feedback from inside and outside of Korea. For instance, the positive evaluation came from considering this city as a tourist destination, and the negative one received from the city’s life quality, possibility as an international financial center, and global urban competitiveness. Consequently, this paper seeks to probe how the perceptions of Busan Metropolitan City was established in South Korea’s major newspapers. For guaranteeing objective comparative analysis, this paper also collected and reviewed the news coverage of Busan’s major sister city-Shanghai, China. This research had three prominent findings. First, the representations of both cities could not properly establish their urban brandings, but establish the images of their host countries. Second, such representations instead built negative images. Finally, the negative evaluation and decline of city branding might have been caused by the media representation since the media’s coverage was inclined to focus on a conflict situation. To explore the root cause of such obstacle, this study finally suggests a more thorough analysis on domestic and local public awareness and media representations.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

In the previous study, the predictive power of “Expected Short-term rate”, which is known to be closely related to the accuracy of future economic prediction, was lowered by the long-term low interest rate and quantitative easing policies. Instead, the prediction of “Term Premium” increased due to the increased uncertainty in a recent Western study. Research is centered on studies conducted regarding the US economy. In the study, the predictive power of “Expected Short-term rate” and “Term Premium” was verified by using individual real economy variables such as export, import, and industrial production as dependent variables instead of using GDP as a dependent variable. As a result, the predictive power of “Expected Short-term rate”, which was the traditional opinion of China, was found to be very strong, and “Term Premium” was statistically significant only for models that excluded “Expected Short-term rate.” Even though some “Expected Short-term rate” variables were controlled, it was found that they did not have statistically significant explanatory power. However, it was considered statistically significant in the model excluding “Expected Short-term rate.” It has been confirmed that “Term Premium” does not act as noise in future economic predictions. Lastly are the analysis results of the impact factors of “Term Premium” in China and the US. In China, inflation clearly showed a significant impact on “Term Premium”, and in the United States, inflation did not significantly affect “Term Premium” though industrial production had a clear effect. This can be interpreted to be because China has a macroeconomic structure sensitive to inflation, while the United States is showing the patten of exporting inflation through the key currency of the dollar.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

With the development of technology, innovation in the financial field is taking place, and cashless payments using the Internet and mobile services are rapidly expanding. Cashless payment can replace the cash as means of payment, thereby changing the demand for money and the velocity of money in the economy, which can affect the path and efficiency of monetary policy. Recently, China, which is considered to be the leader of Fintech, has experienced a major change in the payment and settlement environment, and the use of cash is decreasing significantly in daily life, and there is a view that cashless payment such as digital money or electronic payment will promote the change to a cashless society. This study analyzed the impact of the expansion of cashless payment in China on monetary environment, and tried to find suggestions compared to previous studies. Using the 2008-2019 serial data to empirical analysis of the effect of cashless payment variables on demand for money and velocity of money in China by ARDL model, it was found that the expansion of cashless payment variables did not significantly reduce demand for money, but rather reduced the velocity of money. This result shows a difference from existing theory and major research. Even if cashless payment are expanded due to the development of financial technology, the money demand does not necessarily respond immediately, and the ratio of the motivation of holding money as means of payment of economic entities can be smaller than expected. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful when adjusting monetary policy as the financial environment changes.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

Article 127 of the Civil Code of the people’s Republic of China adopted in May 2020 makes declarative provisions on the protection of network virtual property, but the specific protection rules are not clear. In the practice of criminal justice in China, there are differences in the understanding of the legal nature of network virtual property, and there is also a lack of value evaluation standards for network virtual property, resulting in different sentences in the same case, light or heavy sentencing often occurs. At present, China’s law in the evaluation of the value of network virtual property is still lack of corresponding mandatory provisions, coupled with the characteristics of network virtual property such as dependency, digital, making the network virtual property lack of special management department, there is no clear calculation method of virtual property value, leading to the value of network virtual property in judicial practice is often difficult to accurately assess. Therefore, in theory, it is necessary to clarify the nature and calculation method of network virtual property. By comparing several theories of the legal nature of the network virtual property, and on the basis of comparing the relevant legislation of other countries, this paper holds that in China’s criminal justice practice, the network virtual property should be uniformly defined as “other property” in Article 92 of the Chinese criminal law to be protected. Further, through the analysis of the existing calculation methods of the value of network virtual property, this paper puts forward a new idea of value evaluation of network virtual property, and puts forward suggestions for solving the problem of conviction and sentencing of network virtual property crime cases in the current criminal judicial practice of China.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

When Marx was an editor-in-chief of Rheinische Zeitung, he realized the problem of material interests. This is an important theoretical event that Marx experienced. With the assistance of “the debate on the law of forest theft” and “the defense of the Mosel journalist”, this article, by adopting the perspective and method of dynamic and subject analysis, tries to understand the concept of “material interests problem” proposed by young Marx and the “material interests problem” he encountered. Through analysis, this article points out that the material interests (private interests) as recognized by young Marx were triggered by the limitation of the egoism of the interest-oriented people (the upper class of the society). This is a historical process of unrestrained and dynamic expansion. The gap between the rich and the poor was merely a realistic reflection of this dynamic historical process. The limitation of egoism is the reason of the unrestrained expansion of material interests at the conceptual level, whereas the unrestrained expansion of the interests of the upper class protected by “irrational legislation” is the reason of poverty and confrontation at the institutional level. Based on the insight into these two reasons, with the help of Hegel’s philosophy of law, Marx tries to restrain the excessive expansion of private interests by relying on concepts such as “rationality”, “law” and “state authority”, to protest against the extremely unfair system for the distribution of material interests and to solve the material interests problem of the society. However, with the ban of Rheinische Zeitung, Marx soon discovered the limitation of Hegel’s philosophy of law, that is, it deviated from reality and was abstract fantasy. He realized that it was necessary to study material interests systematically. This made him determined to turn from the critique of legal philosophy to the critique of political economics.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

In ancient China, the system of keeping and keeping relatives lasted for nearly 1500 years. The system of surviving and supporting parents was established in the period of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty and formed in the Tang Dynasty. It refers to the criminals who were sentenced to death, exile and imprisonment in ancient China. When their parents or grandparents were not dependent on their adult offspring, the relevant government, according to the relevant conditions, obtained the emperor’s permission to support their elderly parents or grandparents around. The government temporarily delayed the execution of the criminal’s punishment. After the death of the old parents or grandparents, the original penalty shall be executed again, or the new penalty shall be executed after reviewing the original penalty according to different circumstances. This system reflects the rise of related patriarchal ethics to legal norms, in essence, to strengthen the sense of loyalty and filial piety of the ruled, so as to maintain the feudal rule. This paper combs the historical changes and specific contents of the provisions of family support in detail, so as to provide historical reference for the construction of modern legal system. It holds that the system of family support coincides with the development trend of light punishment and careful use of death penalty in China’s criminal law. Therefore, in the process of further improvement of China’s criminal law, we can learn from the positive role of the system of family support and integrate it into China’s criminal law Part of the law. For example, the new criminal procedure law of China stipulates that the defendant who should be arrested, if suffering from serious disease, or is pregnant or nursing her own baby, can be released on bail. This regulation contains the concept of leniency and the legislative spirit of people-oriented, especially taking care of the weak and preventing the old and the young from being supported by no one, which has something in common with the system of family support. For example, China’s probation system, parole system and death penalty probation system are similar to the system of family support.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

This paper aims to analyze the nuclear ownership diplomacy and the policy toward surrounding powers in the middle period of Kim Jong-Il’s administration Kim JongIl’s ruled North Korea for more than 17years. The periods of his leadership of North Korea can be divided into four stages, based on his election as chairman of the National Defense Commission, the supreme leader of North Korea: the leadership period of last will and testament of the predecessor, the early period of administration, the middle period of administration and the late period of administration. In the middle period of Kim Jong-Il’s rule, based on the military prioritized political line, North Korea began to promote the nuclear development publicly, actualized it’s the nuclear ownership diplomacy. Hence the first nuclear test was taken successfully, leading to the outbreak of the second North Korea nuclear crisis. “The nuclear card” and the platform: “the Six-party talks” were taken advantage of to defend the nuclear test achievements. On the one hand, North Korea hoped to obtain political capital through nuclear capability and tended to restrain the United States through close relations with China and Russia in hope of achieving the goal of strategic balance. Strategically, North Korea-China relations were attached great importance and promoted actively, leading to the comprehensive development of new-type national relations of good-neighborliness, friendship and cooperation. The North Korea-Russia ‘new-type national relations of good-neighborliness, friendship and cooperation were propelled. North Korea strived for the support of Russia on the nuclear issue while cooperated with Russia in a flexible way. On the other hand, North Korea carried out the strategy of owning nuclear weapons for self-protection and launched gaming with the United States to ensure national security, through the “brink-of-nuclear policy” and under the framework of the “six-party talks”. South Korea hoped to possess nuclear weapons to bridge the gap of comprehensive national strength with South Korea. In order to contain the United States and win the assistance and economic interests from South Korea, North Korea also laid emphasis on the national co-operation with South Korea thereby exchanging and cooperating with South Korea under the nuclear crisis. Therefore, North-South relations experienced dialogue during Roh Moo-hyun era and confrontation during Lee Myung-bak era. To relieve the pressure of US sanctions, North Korea kept a moderate dialogue with Japan. Whereas, the North Korea-Japan relations did not make any substantial progress in dialogues and confrontations.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

The North Korean nuclear issue is a stumbling block to the peace process on the Korean Peninsula and the development of Northeast Asia. The North Korean nuclear issue has gone through series of ups and downs, including the six-party talks, several nuclear tests, the accelerated pace of nuclear tests by Kim, Jongun, a hydrogen bomb test, the launch of ICBM in 2017, and finally the “Pyeongchang Olympics” as the starting point for negotiations which aimed at denuclearization. The Chinese Academic Circle (CAC) has been paying attention to the North Korean nuclear issue since the beginning, and various research results were published. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the North Korean nuclear issue in CAC. Current literature gave enormous contribution to future research, however lack of statistics analysis. This paper, by using CiteSpace software to extract the CAC’s North Korean nuclear issue related literature, and through the deep mining the main factors of their scientific research institutions, authors, keywords, solves how CAC studied the Korean peninsula nuclear issue, what kind of development process they experienced, and what kind of characteristics they have. This paper finds that the academic circle in China has several core authors and core scientific research institutions in certain periods of the North Koran nuclear issue. And these researches can be divided into four different periods, and each period’s academic achievements have their own characteristics.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

In recent years, the rise of China and the strategic conflict between the U.S. and China have been used as the most important background for analyzing foreign affairs. The recent Middle East policy and situation in the U.S. can also be considered and analyzed in that context. In the 2000s, the U.S. achieved energy independence through the shale revolution, and then surpassed Saudi Arabia, a leading Middle East oil producer, became the world’s largest oil producer and oil exporter. As a result, there has been an increase in analysis that the interest and intervention of the US in the Middle East will be reduced in the future due to the global strategic adjustments and reductions. Furthermore, because of the isolationism in the early days of Trumps administration, the opinion that energy geopolitics, which has dominated the Middle East for decades, also need to change has increased. On the other hand, however, as the U.S. became increasingly active in Middle East affairs, the analysis of its background and impact also increased. This paper considers that the U.S. as active in Middle East as part of the strategic competition with China. The U.S. is trying to keep China in check, which is highly dependent on Middle East resources and is attempt to strengthen its influence in the Middle East. And from the perspective of U.S.-China strategic competition, it tried to analysis the Middle East policy and political circumstance in the U.S. during the Trump administration, China’s related perceptions and responses.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

This paper examines to analyze through empirical analysis how the import and export of Mekong sub-regions economies located in Southeast Asia affect economic development. Based on data from 1996 to 2019, comprehensive analysis of the Mekong sub-regions economies showed that exports to economic development and ODA had a profound effect. Empirical results showing, First, the model(1) was analyzed that export and ODA variables had a profound effect on GDP. Model(2) had the most significant effect on GDP and ODA to foreign direct investment, and model(3) had the most influence on GDP, FDI and ODA variables on Export. Model(4) showed that GDP, FDI, and ODA variables had the most influence on imports, while the final model(5) showed the most growth in GDP and FDI in ODA was confirmed to have an effect. The comparative analysis by country, FDI, export, import and ODA variables were analyzed as variables affecting economic growth in Cambodia. In Myanmar, foreign direct investment (FDI), export, and ODA variables affect economic growth. Export and ODA variable in Laos, exports in Thailand, and imports in Vietnam were found to have the most comprehensive impact on economic growth. Empirical analysis show that FDI and ODA were analyzed as the most important determinants for economic development in the Mekong sub-regions. It was essential to maintain the basis of economic growth. Also, it was analyzed that FDI and policy implementation on import and export have a profound effect on promoting economic development.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel