This study analyzes the adverse effects of economic policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk shocks on the economy, dividing them into short-term and long-term impacts. The hypothesis is that, in addition to the short-term effects, China's structural characteristics and vulnerabilities will lead to significant long-term impacts. Empirical analysis supports this hypothesis, indicating that shocks from economic policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk have a statistically significant effect on private consumption in both the short and long run, with a more pronounced negative impact in the long run. Regarding inflation, economic policy uncertainty has a statistically significant effect only in specific short-term instances, while both economic policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk exhibit statistically significant effects on long-term inflation. The lack of short-term statistical significance for inflation may be attributed to the Chinese government's market interventions, which tend to stabilize prices in the short run. The finding that uncertainty shocks have a statistically significant negative impact on China's long-term consumption and inflation suggests the potential for these shocks to contribute to structural issues within the Chinese economy.

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This study explored how China and Korea, which are rapidly moving toward a super-aged society, are responding to the medical and care needs of the elderly. Through the development process of China's integrated elderly care and medical services, which were implemented earlier, we tried to find implications for Korea's integrated medical and care support project for the elderly. The purpose of the study was to explore similar problems that could be faced and to infer and present their countermeasures. First, unification is established by linking primary medical institutions with senior citizens. Encourage cooperation with oriental medicine clinics so that oriental medicine can contribute sufficiently to preventing and managing chronic diseases. Second, sufficient medical resources must be secured. There is a severe imbalance in the number of medical institutions and doctors among local governments participating in the pilot project. Therefore, expanding the scope of medical institutions that can provide services is necessary. Third, the scope of coverage should be expanded. The age limit to 75 years should be eased, and integrated medical and care support projects for the elderly to play a critical role in active aging. This promotes health equity. This study expects Korea to be a necessary nourishment for optimizing integrated medical and care services for the elderly and reorganizing the support system.

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The Korea-China Free Trade Agreement (FTA) came into effect on December 20, 2015, with the objectives of securing future growth engines for the Korean economy, establishing an institutional foundation to protect Korea’s economic interests in China, and leading economic integration in East Asia. As the FTA nears its 10th anniversary, there is growing demand to revise the Korea-China FTA to address the digital economy transition and mitigate Korea’s trade deficit with China. Over the past decade, the digital transformation and emerging technologies have ushered in a new era of tech supremacy (新冷战), further intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has deepened the technological battlefield (戰場). Through initiatives such as "Made in China 2025" (中国制造2025) and various digital industry promotion policies, China has elevated not only manufacturing sectors like electric vehicles and secondary batteries, but also advanced industries such as semiconductors, biotechnology, and next-generation information technology to secure future growth engines. It has also propelled AI and data technologies to world-leading levels. The digital transformation has reshaped national economic policies, enabling the establishment of omnipresent societal surveillance systems through personal data, AI, facial recognition technologies, and other tools. In its transition to a digital economy, China continues to build infrastructure, legal frameworks, and related standards tailored to the digital environment. In this rapidly evolving digital landscape, outdated regulations are no longer adequate for managing the new phenomena brought about by technological advancements. For Korea to strengthen its position as a "digital powerhouse" and play a central role in shaping global digital trade norms, it is essential to incorporate new agreements addressing the digital economy into the Korea-China FTA. Consequently, Korea must continuously monitor China’s legislative trends in digital trade, draw relevant insights, and apply them in the formulation of new strategies aligned with the era of global economic security. This study examines China’s technological advancements and digital economic policies, focusing on the latest trends in China’s digital trade legislation, particularly the "Regulations on Promoting and Standardizing Cross-Border Data Flows" (促进和规范数据跨境流动规定) and the draft "Measures for the Administration of Internet Information Services" 互联网信息 服务管理办法 (修订草案征求意见稿). Based on this analysis, it is recommended that the digital economy be proactively included in future revisions of the Korea-China FTA.

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To gain a more comprehensive and clear understanding of cognitive development within the Chinese education field, this study selected and analyzed data from the CNKI database spanning from 2003 to 2023, using CiteSpace for visual analysis. The findings reveal that research hotspots center around cognitive development in preschoolers, studies based on Piaget's theory, and research on moral education. The research timeline is divided into two phases: the first from 2003 to 2016, and the second beginning in 2017, with distinct characteristics defining each stage. The final conclusions of this study provide recommendations for the future direction of educational research in China. First, there is a need to strengthen empirical research on cognitive development in education. Second, cross-disciplinary research is essential for advancing cognitive development in the educational domain. Third, it is important to conduct studies on the specific characteristics of Chinese children’s cognitive development, grounded in the realities of China.

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The "fandom" is to dissolve the requirement of social legitimacy while the Chinese government makes it under the governance and this paper explains the institutional system that how the social transformation led to changes in national social relations, resulting in loose social control mechanisms and norms under the background of reform and opening up. Specifically, the cultural and entertainment industry is detached from the traditional social "system" and superficially use the power of the market and capital to plunder the flow economic dividends, it provides efficient returns to the national economy, and it also develops to directly support and control the "fandom". Then the streaming media technology have surpassed the boundaries of commercial practice, creating a legitimate tension between the production entities of "fandom" and the expectations of national regulations. So that the "new power" constantly engages in various forms of confrontation with the state and attempts to undermine it at the cultural level. Ultimately, the "fandom" has never been recognized and has become arrogant in building confidence, which is reflected in the producers, consumers, and even managers in related fields. The true emotions and demands of them are hidden in the exploration of how to grasp the bottom line of national management system and politics. In a conclusion, the key crux lies in the increasing infiltration of economic standards in non-economic fields, the bottomless obedience of non-economic social roles to economic needs, and the continuous underestimation and encroachment of non-economic functions of society, which are unable to achieve their intended effects.

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In order to compare the differences between the eastern and western regions of Shandong Province, China, this study divides Shandong Province into two regions. The eastern region includes five prefecture-level cities and the western region includes 11 prefecture-level cities. The regression analysis model of this study uses the GDP per capita of each prefecture-level cities as the dependent variable. And the explanatory variables include labor force, capital, and foreign direct investment. The proxy variable for labor force is the employed population. The proxy variable for capital is the fixed asset investment amount. The actual foreign direct investment amount in the current year is used for foreign direct investment. The analysis period of this study is set to 1990-2022. The analysis results of this paper can be summarized in three points. First, foreign direct investment has a positive effect on the regional economic development of Shandong Province during the period of 1990-2022. In particular, the influence is relatively large in the eastern region of Shandong Province. Second, the period from 1990 to 2000 is a period of quantitative growth for foreign direct investment in Shandong Province. The regression coefficient of the eastern region is relatively large. This can be interpreted as foreign direct investment having a greater impact on the regional economic development of the eastern region. Third, the period from 2001 to 2022 is a period of qualitative development for foreign direct investment in Shandong Province. The absolute value of the regression coefficient of foreign direct investment in the eastern region of Shandong Province is decreasing. At the same time, the absolute value of the regression coefficient of the western region is increasing. This means that the impact of foreign direct investment on the regional economic development of the western region of Shandong Province is relatively increasing. The analysis results of this study are summarized as follows: There is a difference in the impact of foreign direct investment in the eastern and western regions of Shandong Province. This difference provides important theoretical implications for future regional economic development policies.

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Virtual Reality (VR) technology is rapidly integrating into the education field, creating immersive and interactive learning experiences for learners, and showing tremendous potential, especially in fine arts education. VR fine arts education can break through spatial and temporal limitations, provide close access to scarce art resources, and stimulate learners' creativity and interest in learning. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on the factors influencing learners' continuance learning intention, particularly the mechanism of sensory experience. This study aims to explore how visual and tactile experiences in VR fine arts education affect students' continuance learning intention through sense of presence and flow experience. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 406 Chinese students who had used VR devices in their art courses, and structural equation modeling was used for analysis. The results show that visual experience significantly enhances the sense of presence and flow experience, thereby promoting continuance learning intention; tactile experience has a positive impact on flow experience but no significant effect on the sense of presence. The study reveals the differential mechanisms of sensory experience in VR fine arts education, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing VR art teaching design. These findings help improve the application effectiveness of VR technology in art education and promote educational reform and innovation.

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As the global issue of population aging intensifies, addressing this challenge has become an urgent task for countries worldwide, with smart elderly care viewed as a potential solution. With the rapid development of digital technology, introducing digital design into age-friendly housing to meet the needs of the elderly and improve their quality of life through intelligent services has become a new trend in current research and practice. However, there is still limited research on how digital design affects the subjective well-being of elderly residents, and the understanding of its mechanisms remains unclear. This study focuses on age-friendly housing in Guangzhou, China, using questionnaire surveys and structural equation modeling to explore how digital design influences residents' subjective well-being through factors such as social identity and mental health. The results show a positive correlation between the level of digital design in housing and residents' subjective well-being; no significant correlation between social identity and subjective well-being; and mental health plays a partial mediating role between digital design and subjective well-being. These findings reveal the internal mechanism of how digital design affects the well-being of elderly residents, enriching theoretical understanding in the fields of environmental psychology and smart elderly care. The research results have important practical implications for optimizing the design of age-friendly housing and improving residents' well-being, while also providing new ideas for deepening interdisciplinary research. This study calls for attention to the social and psychological effects of digital technology applications in smart elderly care practices, adhering to people-centered principles to promote the physical and mental health of the elderly.

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Today, in the midst of uncertain international external environment and changing management environment, the importance of innovation for the survival and development of enterprises is increasing day by day. Employee work has become the subject of enterprise innovation, and its important role in the process of enterprise innovation does not need to be concerned, and how to stimulate innovative behavior of members has already become a notable issue in the management field. Existing literature points out that leadership has a significant influence on employee behavior. Therefore, this paper studied the effect of empowering leadership perceived by members of high-tech enterprises on innovative behavior in the Chinese management context, and also verified the mediating and moderating effects in the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational justice. This paper collected data through a survey of 208 members of 10 high-tech enterprises in Shandong Province, and analyzed the data using SPSS and AMOS. The results of the analysis are as follows: (1) empowering leadership had a significant positive effect on members' innovative behavior; (2) psychological empowerment had a mediating effect on the effect of empowering leadership on members' innovative behavior; and (3) organizational justice had a moderating effect on the relationship between empowering leadership and innovative behavior. The significance of this study is that it enriches the theory of empowering leadership and provides a new way of thinking about the innovative behavior of organizational members. On the basis of results of the study, we suggest that (1) empowering leadership should be fostered; (2) psychological empowerment should be emphasized and communication within the organization should be strengthened; and (3) differences in employee values should be paid attention to and differentiated management should be implemented.

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With the rapid development of MOOCs, users in open online learning environments are more susceptible to information overload, attention dispersion, and other issues, leading to significantly increased feelings of overload and fatigue, which in turn generate discontinuous usage intention. However, the influencing mechanism of MOOC users' discontinuous usage intention is currently unclear, and relevant research is relatively scarce. Based on the Stressor-Strain-Outcome (SSO) theoretical framework, this study constructs a theoretical model comprising information overload, interaction overload, academic overload, fatigue, and discontinuous usage intention. Through a questionnaire survey, 408 valid samples were collected, and the model's goodness of fit was verified using structural equation modeling. The study found that information overload and academic overload positively influence fatigue, while interaction overload has no significant impact on fatigue; fatigue plays a partial mediating role between information overload, academic overload, and discontinuous usage intention. This research deepens the understanding of overload stressors, emotional responses, and behavioral coping in online learning contexts, expanding the application of SSO theory in the educational field. The research conclusions have implications for optimizing MOOC platform design, alleviating student fatigue, and improving continuance intention, providing decision-making references for promoting high-quality and sustainable development of MOOCs.

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